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NPLEX2 Botanicals > Botanicals - Cardiovascular > Flashcards

Botanicals - Cardiovascular Flashcards

1
Q

How many CV botanicals listed for NPLEX2. Name as many as you can.

A 
There are 19 botanicals for the Cardiovascular system.
Allium cepa
Allium sativum
Capsicum frutescens
Coleus forskohlii
Commiphora mukul
Cordylalis ambigua
Crataegus oxycantha
Digitalis purpurea
Gingko bilboa
Leonarus cardiaca
Olea europea
Plantago major
Rauwolfia serpentina
Scutellaria baicalensis
Selenicereus grandiflorus
Theobroma cacao
Veratrum album/viride
Vinca major/minor
Viscum album/flavescens
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2
Q

Allium cepa indications

A

Internal:

Urinary infections: Urgency, pus, hematuria, stones

Elevated Cholesterol & platelet aggregation; elevated BP

Inhibits cyclooxygenase (COX) & lipoxygenase (LOX) therefore useful in inflammatory conditions

Elevated blood glucose in type 2 DM: ADPS competes with insulin for degradation sites in the liver

External (Topical):

dermatophytosis, onychomycosis, warts, vaginitis, otits media

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3
Q

Allium cepa CI

A

1) Hypothyroidism: Disulphides/allyl alcohols: Reduces iodine uptake by the thyroid (goitrogenic); if patients eat lots of raw onions, limit them as it may interfere with iodine uptake; cooked onions don’t have the goitrogenic effect.
2) Bleeding disorders, anticoagulant therapy

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4
Q

Allium cepa Interactions

A

Potentiates anticoagulants (warfarin), insulin, and hypoglycemic drugs (Metformin, Glyburide, Rosiglitazone)

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5
Q

Allium cepa constituents

A

Disulphides (ADPS, s-methyl csyteine sulfoxide) [Onions smell cause of sulpher]

Phenolic acids (caffeic, sinapic, p-courmaric) [onions are round shape]

Flavonoids (quercitin) [most vegetables have flavonoids]

Sterols, saponins, pectin, oils

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6
Q

Allium cepa actions

A

Hypoglycemic, antimicrobrial, carminitive

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7
Q

Allium cepa pharmacology

A

Active components (disulfides) give the tearing properties of onions but when heated active components are destroyed, caramelized onions have no more active components

ADPS: increases half life of insulin (due to competition at degradation sites), increases insulin secretion, increases hepatic metabolism of glucose.

Inhibits bacterial reproduction (staphylococcus spp.)

Reduces platelet aggregation

antioxidant for LDL cholesterol

decreases leukotrienes due to inhibition of COX and LOX

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8
Q

Allium sativum indications

A

Upper respiratory infections: cough, catarrh, pertussis, otitis media

intestinal parasites: worms; candidiasis

Hypercholesterolemia, hyperlipidemia [reduces serum cholesterol and triglyceride levels while raising high density lipoprotein’s - HDL]. It’s antioxidant properties help prevent the peroxidation of fats which is another factor in the development of atherosclerosis. Intermittent claudication; mild to moderate hypertension; prevention of heart attack and strokes.

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9
Q

Allium sativum caution

A

Therapeutic doses of garlic may potentiate the activity of anticoagulant medication’s.

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10
Q

Allium sativum Actions

A

Antimicrobial (antifungal, antiprotozoal, antibacterial) hypotensive, hypolipidemic

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11
Q

Allium sativum constituents

A

Alliin, diallyl disulphide

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12
Q

Capsicum frutescens Indications

A

Topical: diabetic neuropathy, pruritus, psoriasis, OA, RA, migraines
Internal: hypochlorydia, H pylori, maldigestion, dyspepsia, billary insufficiency, atonic constipation, artherosclerosis, G.I. or respiratory infection, hypercoagulation, Stimulant, capillary atoni.

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13
Q

Capsicum frutescens Contraindications

A

Pregnancy; due to G.I. upset, and leaf and stem act as uterine stimulant

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14
Q

Capsicum frutescens interactions

A

Cayenne compounds the persistent dry cough side effect of ace inhibitors lisinopril

Look at the word
ACEi

cApsiCum frutEscens and remember the cough in ACE inhibitors

Too much cayenne will definitely make you cough!

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15
Q

Capsicum frutescens constituents

A

Capsaicinoids (up to 1.5%): capsaicin, dihydricapsaicin, carotenoids; saponins

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16
Q

Capsicum frutescens Actions

A

Circulatory and vasomotor stimulant, rubefacient/counterirritant, gastric stimulant; antimicrobial

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17
Q

Capsicum frutescens pharmacology

A

Powerful circulatory and digestive stimulant

Lowers cholesterol triglycerides and LDL;:HDL ratio

Decreases platelet aggregation

Capsaicin binds to C type vanilloid receptor (VR1) and opens a cationic channel allowing the influx of calcium. The calcium influx is an excitatory response, which releases Neuro peptides (substance P) that is responsible for chemo genic pain, Thermo regulation and neurogenic inflammation. By binding to the VR1 receptor, substance P will be depleted, and pain transmission decreases. C-fibers are related to pain, not perception of touch, temperature and pressure.

Stimulates production of collagenase as an anti-inflammatory (osteoarthritis, rheumatoid arthritis)

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18
Q

coleus forskohlii indications

A

Asthma, dilated cardiomyopathy, hypertension, allergies, glaucoma, hypothyroidism, obesity

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19
Q

coleus forskohlii Contraindications

A

Active peptic ulcer, pregnancy, lactation, children

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20
Q

coleus forskohlii interactions

A

May potentiate caridac glycosides (digoxin, Convallaria, digitalis, leonarus), anticoagulants (warfarin), insulin and hypoglycemic drugs (metformin, glyburide, rosiglitazone), antihisamines (diphenhydramine, hydroxyzine, loratidine), levothyroxine

May increase bleed with NSAIDs (apririn, ibuprofen, napoxen, celecoxib) antagonize proton pump inhibitors (esomeprazole)

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21
Q

coleus forskohlii constituents

A

Diterpene glycosides

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22
Q

coleus forskohlii actions

A

Adenylate cyclase activator, positive iontropic, vasodilator, hypotnesive, bronchodilator, anti-inflammatory, hypoglycemic, antihistamine, anti-platlet

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23
Q

Commiphora mukul (indian bdellium, Guggul lipid) indications

A

Elevated LDL, hyperipidemia; inflammation (osteoarthritis); nodulocystic acne

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24
Q

Commiphora mukul (indian bdellium, Guggul lipid) contraindications

A

Inflammatory bowel disease

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25
Q

Commiphora mukul (indian bdellium, Guggul lipid) interactions

A

May induce CYP 450, may decrease bio availability of propranolol

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26
Q

Commiphora mukul (indian bdellium, Guggul lipid) actions

A

Hypolipidemic, anti-inflammatory

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27
Q

Commiphora mukul (indian bdellium, Guggul lipid) Constituents

A

Gugglusterone E, Z

Mukul = Guggul (sterone) E,Z

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28
Q

Commiphora mukul (indian bdellium, Guggul lipid) pharmacology

A

Increase hepatic binding sites for LDL
Inhibits cholesterol synthesis in liver; decreases triglycerides (does not work for all patients)
increases fecal excretion of bile acids and cholesterol
decreases pain of osteoarthritis after one month

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29
Q

Convallara majalis (lily of the valley) indications

A

Arrhythmia, cardiac insufficiency, hypotension

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30
Q

Convallara majalis (lily of the valley) contradictions

A

Digitalis spp. and caution with other cardiac glycosides

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31
Q

Convallara majalis (lily of the valley) side effects

A

Nausea, vomiting, headache, disorders of color perception, death
treat with atropine; monitor potassium, glucose, insulin

A girl is twirling in a valley of lilies. She twirls so fast that she starts to feel nauseas and vomits, she gets a headache but keeps spinning until she sees a discolored hue and she almost dies because she has an arrhythmia, hypotension and cardiac insufficiency.

Note: digoxin (Foxglove) has a s/e of yellow/green hue around objects.

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32
Q

Convallara majalis (lily of the valley) interactions

A

Avoid hypokalemic drugs; diuretics (furosemide, hydrochlorothiazide), corticosteroids (hydrocortisone, prednisone dexamethasone),
cardiac glycosides (digoxin Convallaris, digitalis Leonurus),
antiarrhythmics (atenolol, propranolol, amiodarone),
psuedoephedrine,
Glycyrrhiza
Calcium promotes arrhythmia, potentiates beta-blockers (atenolol, carvedilol, propranolol), many others
Similar to Cardiac glycosides: Convallaria majalis, digitalis purpurea, Leonurus cardiaca

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33
Q

Convallara majalis (lily of the valley) constituents

A

Glycosides, flavonoids

The lilies have a sweet smelling flavor for flavonoids

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34
Q

Convallara majalis (lily of the valley) actions

A

Cardiac, digitalis substitute, diuretic

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35
Q

Convallara majalis (lily of the valley) pharmacology

A

The power and speed of cardiac muscle contraction is increased with reduced relaxation time. Positive ionotropic, negative chronotropic (rate), negative dromotropic (conduction), positive bathmotropic (excitability) effect.
Natriuretic and diuretic in animal studies
dose-dependent venoconstrictive effects an animal tests

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36
Q

Corydalis spp (Corydalis cava, corydalis ambigua) indications

A

Used for pain management for severe nerve damage, emotional disturbances and tremors; used as a sedative and tranquilizer for high blood pressure and to relax spasms of the small intestines

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37
Q

Corydalis spp (Corydalis cava, corydalis ambigua) contraindications

A

Pregnancy and breast-feeding

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38
Q

Corydalis spp (Corydalis cava, corydalis ambigua) interactions

A

none reported

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39
Q

Corydalis spp (Corydalis cava, corydalis ambigua) side effects

A

Decrease menstrual flow, headaches, fatigue

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40
Q

Corydalis spp (Corydalis cava, corydalis ambigua) overdosage

A

Chronic spasms with musculature tremor occur with overdosages

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41
Q

Corydalis spp (Corydalis cava, corydalis ambigua) constituents

A

isoquinoline alkaloids (bulbocapnine, corytuberin, corydaline)

Corydalis a cord of alkaloids
remember isoquinoline

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42
Q

Corydalis spp (Corydalis cava, corydalis ambigua) actions

A

Mildly sedative, sleep inducing, spasmolytic, tranquilizing and hallucinogenic affect. It’s suppresses CNS, reduces blood pressure and decreases intestinal motility. Strong analgesic

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43
Q

Crataegus oxyacantha (Hawthorn) indications

A

Arrhythmias, cardiac weakness with valvular murmurs, capillary fragility, mild hypertension

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44
Q

Crataegus oxyacantha (Hawthorn) CI

A

N/A

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45
Q

Crataegus oxyacantha (Hawthorn) Interactions

A

Concurrent use with antiplatelet drugs may increase risk of bleeding. It may enhance the activity of cardioactive drugs like digitalis spp., Convallaria majalis and digoxin. Avoid concurrent use with arithmetic antiarrhythmic medication as Hawthorne has similar actions. May increase the side effects of beta blockers.

46
Q

Crataegus oxyacantha (Hawthorn) constituents

A

Flavonoids, proanthocyanidins in the fruit, triterpene acids

47
Q

Crataegus oxyacantha (Hawthorn) pharamacology

A

procyanidins and flavonoids increase coronary blood flow due to dilatory affects as well as reduces peripheral resistance. This herb is positively Ion0tropic (increase contractility) and positively chronotropic (rate and rhythm). Found to prolong refractory period and increase the action potential duration in guinea pig papillary muscle. Effect is similar to class three antiarrhythmic drugs. Due to high flavonoid content, it may be used to decrease inflammation, decrease capillary fragility and prevent collagen destruction of joints. Found to lower LDL body weight and body fat in animal studies.

48
Q

Crataegus oxyacantha (Hawthorn) actions

A

Cardiac tonic, nutritive (for the heart), hypotensive

49
Q

Digitalis purpurea (Foxglove) indications

A

Congestive heart failure, atrial arrhythmias

50
Q

Digitalis purpurea (Foxglove) CI

A

First or 2nd degree AV block severe carditis, angina, arrhythmias, bradycardia, cardiac hypertrophy, aortic stenosis, kidney failure, hypokalemia, hypocalcemia, hypercalcemia, pregnancy, lactation.

51
Q

Digitalis purpurea (Foxglove) side effects

A

Narrow therapeutic range; may experience G.I. symptoms, yellow green halo around objects

52
Q

Digitalis purpurea (Foxglove) interactions

A

Avoid hypokalemic drugs; diuretics (furosemide, hydrocholorothiazide) corticosteroids (hydrocortisone, predinsone, dexamethosone) cardiac glycosides (digoxin convallaria, digitalis, Leonarus), antiarrhythmics (atenolol, propranol, amiodarone), pseudoephedrine, Glycyrrhiza,

calcium promotes arrhythmia, potentiates beta blockers (atenolol, carvedilol, propranolol)

53
Q

Digitalis purpurea (Foxglove) constituents

A

Cardiac glycosides found throughout entire plant

54
Q

Digitalis purpurea (Foxglove) actions

A

Cardiac stimulant, positively inotropic, negatively chronotropic, diuretic, emetic (at high doses)

55
Q

Digitalis purpurea (Foxglove) pharmacology

A

Cardioactive glycosides are positively inotropic negatively chronotropic and improve contraction power of the cardiac muscle

56
Q

Ginkgo bilboa indications

A

Atherosclerosis, intermittent claudication, impotence from insufficient blood flow, post ischemic stroke, phlebitis, cerebrovascular insufficiency (depression, dementia, poor memory).

57
Q

Ginkgo bilboa contrindications

A

Intracranial bleed; severe bleeding

58
Q

Ginkgo bilboa interactions

A

Caution in people taking blood thinners (it inhibits PAF)

59
Q

Ginkgo bilboa constituents

A

flavone glycosides, bioflavinoids; lactones

60
Q

Ginkgo bilboa actions

A

Anti-inflammatory, vasodilator, antiplatelet, antioxidant, inflammation modulator, antineoplastic, nootropic (may improve cognitive function, executive functions, memory and healthy individuals), bronchodilator

61
Q

Ginkgo bilboa pharmacology

A

Arterial: vasodilation and increased circulation in medium and small arteries of the periphery
memory: inhibits cyclic nucleotide phosphodiesterases (like caffeine), increases neuronal activity and memory.
Lipid metabolism; inhibits platelet activating factor (PAF) decreasing platelet aggregation and degranulation.
Ginkgo bilboa is LAME:
Lipids- think platelets
Arterial- think vasodilator
MEmory- nootropic

62
Q

Leonarus cardiaca (Motherwort) indications

A

Nervous, irritable individuals; restless, nervous individuals during menopause
hyperthyroidism
palpitations (anxiety), reduce coronary perfusion

Leon is playing cards with his mother (who has menopause) and she is nervous, irritable and restless because her heart is palpitating resulting in low coronary perfusion due to her hyperthyroidism.

63
Q

Ginkgo bilboa CI

A

Intracranial bleeds, severe bleeding
caution in people taking blood thinners (it inhibits PAF)

Ginkgo bilboa reminds me of bilbo baggins in the Lord of the Rings where there is a lot of bleeding and bashing of heads.

64
Q

Ginkgo bilboa constituents

A

Falvone glycosides; bioflavinoids, lactones

these are all of the terpenoid class

Ginkgo->Glycoside
Lame rhymes with Flame->Flavone,
Lame -> L for lactones;
Flavone think bioflavinoids

65
Q

Ginkgo bilboa actions

A

Anti-inflammatory, vasodilator, antiplatelet, antioxidant, inflammation modulator, anti-neoplastic, nootropic (may improve cognitive function, executive functions, memory in healthy individuals), bronchodilator

Gingko is a flavone glycoside, bioflavinoid and lactone- all terpenoids

66
Q

Oleo europaea (olive) indications

A

Oil from fruit: topically for dry skin, cradle cap; decreases heart disease risk
leaf: hypertension
olive leaf extract: malarial fever, chills, diarrhea; severe viral infection with fevers, chills

Olaf is eating at the Olive Garden in Europe. There are olive branches with leaves and fruit used as decorations. Olaf bites the leaf and it’s bitter and makes his heart blood flow. He ate the leaf because he saw there were no bugs (bacterial or viruses) on it. It was so bitter his blood pressure dropped. The waiter brings out fresh olive oil and Olaf thinks he is supposed to pour it on his head and hands to soften and smooth his ice skin. He ends up swallowing the extract and gets an upset stomach (use after meals) followed by fever, chills, and diarrhea (oil leaf extract treats). Worse he ends up getting a very large gallstone. (CI)

67
Q

Oleo europaea (olive) CI

A

Large gallstones

68
Q

Oleo europaea (olive) cautions

A

Olive leaf extract is a G.I. irritant so take after meals

69
Q

Oleo europaea (olive) constituents

A

Fruit: fatty oils (75% linoleic acid), licithin and bitter. Leaf: bitter glycoside, monoterpenes

70
Q

Oleo europaea (olive) pharmacology

A

Leaf increases phagocytosis, bitter (Oleanolic acid), bactericidal and virucidal, increases coronary blood flow.

Olive leaf extract: calcium elenolate is the active ingredient that kills viruses and has bacterial static effects. Oleuropein inhibits LDL oxidation and acts as an antioxidant free radical scavenger.

71
Q

Oleo europaea (olive) actions

A

Nutritive, emollient, demulcent

72
Q

Rauwolfia serpentina (Snake root, Rauwolfia) Indications

A

Hypertension, nervousness and insomnia

See a snake, makes your heart skip a beat and raises your blood pressure. You get so nervous, it gives you nightmares and keeps you up all night!

73
Q

Rauwolfia serpentina (Snake root, Rauwolfia) CI

A

Rauwolfia is contraindicated in depression, Parkinson’s disease, ulceration, pheochromocytoma, pregnancy and lactation.

it lowers catecholamines

if i were to see a big wolf snake, my heart would skip a beat and my blood pressure would sky rocket. So this drop actually decreases catecholamines to decrease BP. Ajmaline in the root has anti-arrhythmic effects.

After the scare from seeing the huge snake, you get so tired you can’t get hard so you get depressed. [S/e]

So he begins to drink EtOH and take barbiturates which messes up his heart so he takes glycosides and gets Parkinson and ends up on Levodopa [interactions]

74
Q

Rauwolfia serpentina (Snake root, Rauwolfia) interactions

A

Alcohol: increases impairment
neuroleptics and barbiturates: increase drug affect with these medication
digitalis – glycosides: severe bradycardia occurs in combination with digitalis glycosides
levodopa: herb effect is reduced in combination with levodopa along with an increase in extrapyramidal motor symptoms in combination with sympathomimetics

75
Q

Rauwolfia serpentina (Snake root, Rauwolfia) side effects

A

Nasal congestion, depression, tiredness, erectile dysfunction

76
Q

Rauwolfia serpentina (Snake root, Rauwolfia) constituents

A

indole alkaloids (reserpine); antihypertensive alkaloids; anti-arrythmic alkaloids (ajmaline)

Rauwolfia -> R for Risperine (indole alkaloids)

77
Q

Rauwolfia serpentina (Snake root, Rauwolfia) actions

A

Anti-arrhythmic, antihypertensive

78
Q

Selenicerus grandifloras (night-blooming cereus) indications

A

Impaired heart function, rapid pulse with edema
mitral regurgitation
angina, palpitations, chest pain, dyspnea, arrhythmia
prostatitis, kidney congestion and other urinary elements

79
Q

Selenicerus grandifloras (night-blooming cereus) CI

A

Pregnancy, lactation, high doses

80
Q

Selenicerus grandifloras (night-blooming cereus) Side effects

A

Nausea, vomiting, arrhythmia, tachycardia, confusion, headache, G.I. distress, heart failure

Think of being out in a desert for a long period of time.

81
Q

Selenicerus grandifloras (night-blooming cereus) Interactions

A

May potentiate MAOI’s (phenelzine)

grand I fl Or A s -> Backward AOI just need to remember the M

Monoamine oxidase inhibitors- depression, panic, social phobia

82
Q

Selenicerus grandifloras (night-blooming cereus) constituents

A

Phenylethylamine alkaloids (hordenine); amines: tyramine

83
Q

Selenicerus grandifloras (night-blooming cereus) actions

A

Sympathetic stimulant to the heart and kidneys, diuretic

Recall the serpentina decreases catecholamines whereas the cactus increases them

84
Q

Selenicerus grandifloras (night-blooming cereus) pharmacology

A

Has similar effects to digitalis, which includes stimulation as well as coronary and peripheral vessel dilation. It also stimulates the motor neurons of the spinal cord

85
Q

Theobroma cacao (Cocoa) Indications

A

Broncial smooth muscle spasms, cardiovascular health, diarrhea

86
Q

Theobroma cacao (Cocoa) CI

A

N/a

87
Q

Theobroma cacao (Cocoa) side effects

A

Constipation and insomnia and high doses. amines can trigger migraine attacks

88
Q

Theobroma cacao (Cocoa) interactions

A

N/a

89
Q

Theobroma cacao (Cocoa) consitiuents

A

Purine alkaloids (theobromine, caffeine), fat (oleic acid, steric acid) proteic substances, starch, monosaccharides/oligosaccharides (glucose, fructose), isoquinoline alkaloids, catechin tannins.

90
Q

Theobroma cacao (Cocoa) actions and pharmacology

A

Cocoa seeds can cause constipation due to the tannin content.

The herb contains methylxantines (theobromine) which have diarrhetic, broncolytic and vasodilatory affect. They also stimulate cardiac muscle performance and act as a muscle relaxant.

91
Q

Veratrum album (American hellebore) indications

A

V. album: hypertension; topical: insecticide
V. viride: rapid full pulse, hypertension, fever, inflammation, flushed skin, blood shot eyes

Think of someone that looks like hell (hellebore)

92
Q

Veratrum album (American hellebore) CI

A

Do not prescribe, extremely toxic, pregnancy, lactation

93
Q

Veratrum album (American hellebore) side effects

A

Lacrimation, salvation, vomiting, burning sensation of the mouth and throat, in ability to swallow, vertigo, paralysis, convulsions, death. Prescribe atropine and transport to ER

Think of American’s burning in hell–crying, salivation, vomiting, burning in mouth and throat, inability to swallow, vertigo, paralysis (from fear), convulsions and wishing for death

94
Q

Veratrum album (American hellebore) Interactions

A

DO NOT PRESCRIBE

95
Q

Veratrum album (American hellebore) Constituents

A

Steroid alkaloids (protoveratrine A and B), glycoside alkaloids

96
Q

Veratrum album (American hellebore) actions

A

Circulatory depressant, anti-spasmodic, hypotensive

97
Q

Veratrum album (American hellebore) pharmacology

A

V. album: Protoveratrine A and B act as a sensory nerve irritants, inhibit activations of sodium channels
V. viride: Alkaloids reduces blood pressure and slows down pulse rate by inhibiting activation of sodium channels in cells that regulate cardiac activity

98
Q

Vinca major/minor (V. major- greater periwinkle, V. minor- lesser periwinkle) indications

A

Circulatory disorders, cerebral circulatory impairment and support for the metabolism in the brain. Also used for loss of memory and hypertension. Also used in concussion management to enhance blood flow to the brain because an acute post TBI, the brain loses 30% of blood flow so it’s important to get oxygen and nutrients so the neurons do not become hypoxic and die. (do not administer antioxidants and anti-inflammatories immediately post concussion to let the microglial cells clear out the neuronal debris fields. Note: refer off for CT to check there is not a brain bleed first).

99
Q

Vinca major/minor (V. major- greater periwinkle, V. minor- lesser periwinkle) CI

A

Pregnancy, severe cerebral hemorrhage

100
Q

Vinca major/minor (V. major- greater periwinkle, V. minor- lesser periwinkle) side effects

A

G.I. complaints and skin flushing, but no health hazards reported with proper administration

101
Q

Vinca major/minor (V. major- greater periwinkle, V. minor- lesser periwinkle) constitiuents

A

Indole alkaloids: vincamine, cinblastine; tannins; flavinoids

102
Q

Vinca major/minor (V. major- greater periwinkle, V. minor- lesser periwinkle) Actions

A

Circulatory stimulant (increases blood flow to the brain), hypotensive

103
Q

Vinca major/minor (V. major- greater periwinkle, V. minor- lesser periwinkle) pharmacology

A

Vincamine alkaloids is a hypotensive; vincopectine is a drug derived from vincamine and used for Alzheimer’s.

104
Q 
Viscum album (European mistletoe)
Viscum flavescens (American mistletoe)
Indications
A

Subcutaneous injections: tumors
internal: moderate to mild hypertension 160/100 mmHg; weak, irregular heart with hypertrophy, shortness of breath, valvular insufficiency; nervous tachycardias; epilepsy; tearing neuralgic or rheumatic pains.

105
Q 
Viscum album (European mistletoe)
Viscum flavescens (American mistletoe)
CI
A

Chronic progressive infections (TB, AIDS), tumors of CNS and or intraspinal, pregnancy, fever, known allergy

106
Q 
Viscum album (European mistletoe)
Viscum flavescens (American mistletoe)
Interactions
A

The tannin content may complex with iron and result in adverse sequelae on blood components

107
Q 
Viscum album (European mistletoe)
Viscum flavescens (American mistletoe)
side effects
A

Local inflammation around injection site. High fever, chills, headaches, death

108
Q 
Viscum album (European mistletoe)
Viscum flavescens (American mistletoe)
constituents
A

Lectins, flavinoids, alkaloids, tannins

109
Q 
Viscum album (European mistletoe)
Viscum flavescens (American mistletoe)
actions
A

Hypotensive, cerebral circulatory stimulant, tumor inhibition with injection

110
Q 
Viscum album (European mistletoe)
Viscum flavescens (American mistletoe)
pharmacology
A

Mistletoe lectins in the drug are hypotensive, cytotoxic and immuno stimulating. The immunostimulatory action is mainly attributed to the stimulation of mono nuclear phagocytic system and macrophage-derived cytokines. The antineoplastic activities is due to the stimulation of enzymes that repair damage DNA by lymphokines. Mistletoe has anti-inflammatory properties

NPLEX2 Botanicals (12 decks)

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