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NPLEX2 Botanicals > Botanicals hepatic system > Flashcards

Botanicals hepatic system Flashcards

1
Q

How many hepatic system botanicals? Name them

A
  1. Berberis aquifolium
  2. Berberis vulgaris
  3. Chelidonium majus
  4. Chionanthus virginicus
  5. Curcuma longa
  6. Cynara scolymus
  7. Hydrastis canadensis
  8. Leptandra virginica
  9. Silybum marianum
  10. Taraxacum officinale
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2
Q

Berberis aquifolium (oregan grape) Constituents

A

Isoquinoline alkaloids

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3
Q

Berberis aquifolium (oregan grape) Actions

A

Bitter, alterative, hepatoprotective, cholagogue

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4
Q

Berberis aquifolium (oregan grape) Indications

A

poor digestion (hypochlorydria, dyspepsia, biliary insufficiency, dyskinesia, anorexia, atonic constipation, gas)

Chronic skin disease, acne, candida, mastitis, gastroenteritis, H. pylori, hepatitis, lower UTI, vaginitis

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5
Q

Berberis aquifolium (oregan grape) S/e

A

N/V, mucous membrane irritation, hypotension, heart failure, convulsions, parasthesias

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6
Q

Berberis aquifolium (oregan grape) CI

A

Due to bitter digestive stimulation: GERD, active peptic ulcer (but may help H. pylori), gastritis, biliary obstruction, acute cholelithiasis, diarrhea; late pregnancy

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7
Q

Berberis aquifolium (oregan grape) Interactions

A

Antagonistic effect with PPI’s (esomeprazole)

Theoretical: Cause intestinal or vaginal dysbiosis

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8
Q

Berberis vulgaris (Barberry) Constituents

A

Isoquinoline alkaloids, chelidonic acid, anthocyans, rich in Vitamin C

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9
Q

Berberis vulgaris (Barberry) Actions

A

Bitter, cholagogue, choleretic. antimicrobial.

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10
Q

Berberis vulgaris (Barberry) indications

A

poor digestion (hypochlorhydria, dyspepsia, biliary insufficiency, dyskinesia, anorexia, atonic constipation, gas)

Gastritis, H. pylori, gastroenteritis, chronic hepatitis, liver disease, gallstones, malaria, splenomegaly

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11
Q

Berberis vulgaris (Barberry) s/e

A

N/V, mucous membrane irritation, hypotension, heart failure, convulsions, parasthesias

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12
Q

Berberis vulgaris (Barberry) CI

A

Due to bitter digestive stimulation: GERD, active peptic ulcer (but may help H. Pylori), gastritis, biliary obstruction, acute cholelithiasis, diarrhea; late pregnancy

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13
Q

Berberis vulgaris (Barberry) Interactions

A

Antagonist effect with PPIs (esomeprazole)

potentiates barbiturates (phenobarbital)

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14
Q

Chelidonium majus (Greater celandine) constituents

A

Isoquinoline alkaloids: coptisine, chelidonine. Caffeic acid derivatives

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15
Q

Chelidonium majus (Greater celandine) Actions

A

Alterative, choleretic, cholagogue, bitter, diuretic, anti-inflammatory, mild antitussive, antimicrobial, antiviral (HPV)

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16
Q

Chelidonium majus (Greater celandine) indications

A

topical: warts, eczema, corns, malignant tumors

Internal: biliary insufficiency, prevent galls stones, whooping cough, asthma

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17
Q

Chelidonium majus (Greater celandine) s/e

A

No Adverse reactions have been reported. But at high doses you could see nausea, vomiting, burning in mouth, abdominal pain, diarrhea, topical dermatitis, stupor, coma and death

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18
Q

Chelidonium majus (Greater celandine) CI

A

Biliary obstruction, hepatic failure, acute diarrhea, acute cholelithiasis, hepatitis, cholecystitis, unconjugated hyperbilirubinemia, pregnancy, lactation, children

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19
Q

Chelidonium majus (Greater celandine) Interactiosn

A

n/a

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20
Q

Chionanthus virginicus (fringe tree) constituents

A

Lignan glycosides: phillyrin (chioanthine). Saponins

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21
Q

Chionanthus virginicus (fringe tree) pharmacology

A

Saponin content give Fringe tree its hepatic, cholagogue, diuretic and tonic effects

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22
Q

Chionanthus virginicus (fringe tree) actions

A

Cholagogue, alterative, bitter and diuretic

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23
Q

Chionanthus virginicus (fringe tree) indications

A

Topical: wounds and inflammation

internal: liver and gallbladder dysfunction, jaundice, hepatomegaly, biliary insufficiency, gall stones, chronic skin conditions

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24
Q

Chionanthus virginicus (fringe tree) s/e

A

none

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25
Q

Chionanthus virginicus (fringe tree) CI

A

Biliary obstruction, hepatic failure, acute diarrhea, acute cholelithiasis, hepatitis, cholecystitis, unconjugated hyperbilirubinemia

26
Q

Chionanthus virginicus (fringe tree) interactions

A

n/a

27
Q

Curcuma longa (Tumeric) constituents

A

Volatile oil: alpha and beta tumerone, curlone, zingiberene, curcumol. Curcumoids: curcumin. Startch.

28
Q

Curcuma longa (Tumeric) Actions

A

hepatoprotective, cholagogue, antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, antineoplastic, antibacterial, antiplatlet.

29
Q

Curcuma longa (Tumeric) Indications

A

gallstone prevention, jaundice, hepatitis, IBS, protection of NSAID induced ulcers. Cancer, OA, RA, inflammation, asthma, skin disorders, prevention of strokes and myocardial infarctions.

30
Q

Curcuma longa (Tumeric) s/e

A

Stomach complaints can occur following extended use or in cases of overdose

31
Q

Curcuma longa (Tumeric) CI

A

Biliary obstruction, hyperchlorhydria, pregancy (abortifacient, empirical)

32
Q

Curcuma longa (Tumeric) Interactions

A

may potentiate anticoagulants (warfarin)

33
Q

Cynara scolymus (artichoke) constituents

A

caffeic acid derivatives: cynarin, chlorogenic acid. Flavonoids: rutin. Sesquiterpene lactons: cynaropicrin.

34
Q

Cynara scolymus (artichoke) actions

A

bitter, hypolipidemic

35
Q

Cynara scolymus (artichoke) Indications

A

Dyslipidemia, poor digestion (hypochlorhydria, dyspepsia, biliary insufficency, dyskinesia, anorexia, atonic constipation, gas)

36
Q

Cynara scolymus (artichoke) s/e

A

The plant possesses a medium potential for sensitization through skin contact

37
Q

Cynara scolymus (artichoke) CI

A

All due to bitter digestive stimulation: GERD, active peptic ulcer, gastritis, biliary obstruction, acute cholelithiasis, diarrhea, allergy to Asteraceae family

38
Q

Cynara scolymus (artichoke) Interactions

A

none

39
Q

Hydrastis canadensis (Golden seal) Constituents

A

Isoquinoline alkaloids: hydrastine, berberine, canadine. Tannins, fatty acids, resin,

40
Q

Hydrastis canadensis (Golden seal) Actions

A

Bitter, cholerectic, anti-catarrhal, antimicrobial, immune modulator, antineoplastic, spasmolytic, astringent, “king of mucous membranes”

41
Q

Hydrastis canadensis (Golden seal) indications

A

Poor digestion (hypochlorhydria, dyspepsia, bilairy insufficiency, dyskinesia, anorexia, atonic constipation, gas)

catarrh on mucous membranes, upper respiratory tract infection, candidiasis, vaginitis, mastitis, gastroenteritis, H. pylori, intestinal parasite, cholera, staphylococcal skin infection

Berberine is used as an adjunct treatment in various cancers and in neutropenia resulting from radiation and chemotherapy

42
Q

Hydrastis canadensis (Golden seal) s/e

A

Nausea, vaginal and intestinal dysbisosis, berberine displaces bilirubin form albumin, GI disturbances, dyspnea, bradycardia, spasms, paralysis, delirium, hallucination

43
Q

Hydrastis canadensis (Golden seal) CI

A

De to bitter digestive stimulation: GERD, active peptic ulcer, gastritis, biliary obstruction, acute cholelithiasis, diarrhea, acute hepatitis, acute cholecystitis, renal failure, pregnancy, lactation, long-term high doses

44
Q

Hydrastis canadensis (Golden seal) Interactions

A

Antagonistic effect with PPIs (esomeprazole), potentiates hypoglycemic drugs (metformin, glyburide, rosiglitazone) may potentiate barbiturates (phenobarbital) reduces B vitamin absoption, efflux of paclitaxel

Theoretical: decreased drug absorption due to increased gut motility

45
Q

Leptandra virginica (black root) constituents

A

Volatile oil, cinnamic acid derivatives, tannins

46
Q

Leptandra virginica (black root) indications

A

Poor digestion (hypochlorhydria, dyspepsia, biliary insufficency, dyskinesia, anorexia, atonic constipation, gas)

hepatitis, liver congestion, cholecystitis

47
Q

Leptandra virginica (black root) s/e

A

nausea

48
Q

Leptandra virginica (black root) CI

A

Due to bitter digestive stimulation: GERD, active peptic ulcer, gastritis, biliary obstruction, acute cholelithiasis, diarrhea

49
Q

Leptandra virginica (black root) interactions

A

none

50
Q

Silybum marianum (milk thistle) constituents

A

Flavonolignans: silymarin, silybin, silychristin, silydianin,. Sterols, mucilage, flavonoids.

51
Q

Silybum marianum (milk thistle) pharmacology

A

The hepatoprotective effects is from silymarin, particularly silychristin and silydianin.

The compounds inhibit the entrance of toxins and Block toxin binding sites through alteration of the liver cells outer membrane. Silybin decreases production of superoxide anion radicals and nitric oxide (free radicals scavenger or anti-oxidant) by the Kupffer cells

Silybin also inhibits leukotriene formation by the Kupffer cells which may be beneficial in treating liver cirrhosis and fibrosis.

Silymarin increases glutathione production by the liver, intestines and stomach. Glutathione is used for detoxification cells in the liver. Silymarin is an antioxidant, free radical scavenger, reducing iron 2+ induced linoleate peroxidation (through iron overload). Flavonoids (including silymarin) are good antioxidants due to their phenolic structure that acts as plasma membrane stabilizers.

Silymarin stimulates RNA polymerase I in the cell nucleus of hepatocytes, resulting in an increase of ribosomal protein synthesis and the regenerative ability of the liver.

52
Q

Silybum marianum (milk thistle) actions

A

hepatoprotective, hepato-restorative (liver regenerative effects), cholagogue. Anti-inflammatory

53
Q

Silybum marianum (milk thistle) indications

A

The herb is used for dyspepsia, toxic liver damage, hepatic cirrhosis, and a supportive treatment in chronic inflammatory liver disease

54
Q

Silybum marianum (milk thistle) s/e

A

severe sweating, abdominal cramping, N/A, diarrhea

55
Q

Silybum marianum (milk thistle) CI

A

allergy to asteraceae family, pregnancy

56
Q

Silybum marianum (milk thistle) Interactions

A

Protects against acetaminophen to hepatoxicity and nephrotoxicity, cisplatin nephrotoxicity, cyclosporine pancreatic toxicity, methotrexate hepatotoxicity.

Potentiates Doxorubicin

57
Q

Taraxacum officinalis (Dandelion) Constituents

A

Sesquiterpene lactones, polysaccharides, triterpenes, resin, flavonoids

58
Q

Taraxacum officinalis (Dandelion) Actions

A

Leaf: bitter, diuretic, antiviral, choleretic

Root: bitter, hepatoprotective, anti-rheumatic, anti-inflammatory

59
Q

Taraxacum officinalis (Dandelion) indications

A

Leaf: lower UTI, urolithiasis, edema, topical for warts

Root: poor digestion (hypochlorhydria, dyspepsia, biliary insufficency, dyskinesia, anorexia, atonic constipation, gas), cholecystitis.

60
Q

Taraxacum officinalis (Dandelion) s/e

A

Nausea

61
Q

Taraxacum officinalis (Dandelion) CI

A

Due to bitter digestive stimulation: GERD, active peptic ulcer, gastritis, biliary obstruction, acute cholelithiasis, diarrhea, allergy to Asteraceae family

62
Q

Taraxacum officinalis (Dandelion) Interactions

A

Antagonistic effect with PPIs (esomeprazole); may potentiate lithium, hypoglycemic drugs (metformin, glyburide, rosiglitazone).

theoretical: decreased drug absorption due to increased gut motility

NPLEX2 Botanicals (12 decks)

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