Botanicals hepatic system Flashcards
How many hepatic system botanicals? Name them
- Berberis aquifolium
- Berberis vulgaris
- Chelidonium majus
- Chionanthus virginicus
- Curcuma longa
- Cynara scolymus
- Hydrastis canadensis
- Leptandra virginica
- Silybum marianum
- Taraxacum officinale
Berberis aquifolium (oregan grape) Constituents
Isoquinoline alkaloids
Berberis aquifolium (oregan grape) Actions
Bitter, alterative, hepatoprotective, cholagogue
Berberis aquifolium (oregan grape) Indications
poor digestion (hypochlorydria, dyspepsia, biliary insufficiency, dyskinesia, anorexia, atonic constipation, gas)
Chronic skin disease, acne, candida, mastitis, gastroenteritis, H. pylori, hepatitis, lower UTI, vaginitis
Berberis aquifolium (oregan grape) S/e
N/V, mucous membrane irritation, hypotension, heart failure, convulsions, parasthesias
Berberis aquifolium (oregan grape) CI
Due to bitter digestive stimulation: GERD, active peptic ulcer (but may help H. pylori), gastritis, biliary obstruction, acute cholelithiasis, diarrhea; late pregnancy
Berberis aquifolium (oregan grape) Interactions
Antagonistic effect with PPI’s (esomeprazole)
Theoretical: Cause intestinal or vaginal dysbiosis
Berberis vulgaris (Barberry) Constituents
Isoquinoline alkaloids, chelidonic acid, anthocyans, rich in Vitamin C
Berberis vulgaris (Barberry) Actions
Bitter, cholagogue, choleretic. antimicrobial.
Berberis vulgaris (Barberry) indications
poor digestion (hypochlorhydria, dyspepsia, biliary insufficiency, dyskinesia, anorexia, atonic constipation, gas)
Gastritis, H. pylori, gastroenteritis, chronic hepatitis, liver disease, gallstones, malaria, splenomegaly
Berberis vulgaris (Barberry) s/e
N/V, mucous membrane irritation, hypotension, heart failure, convulsions, parasthesias
Berberis vulgaris (Barberry) CI
Due to bitter digestive stimulation: GERD, active peptic ulcer (but may help H. Pylori), gastritis, biliary obstruction, acute cholelithiasis, diarrhea; late pregnancy
Berberis vulgaris (Barberry) Interactions
Antagonist effect with PPIs (esomeprazole)
potentiates barbiturates (phenobarbital)
Chelidonium majus (Greater celandine) constituents
Isoquinoline alkaloids: coptisine, chelidonine. Caffeic acid derivatives
Chelidonium majus (Greater celandine) Actions
Alterative, choleretic, cholagogue, bitter, diuretic, anti-inflammatory, mild antitussive, antimicrobial, antiviral (HPV)
Chelidonium majus (Greater celandine) indications
topical: warts, eczema, corns, malignant tumors
Internal: biliary insufficiency, prevent galls stones, whooping cough, asthma
Chelidonium majus (Greater celandine) s/e
No Adverse reactions have been reported. But at high doses you could see nausea, vomiting, burning in mouth, abdominal pain, diarrhea, topical dermatitis, stupor, coma and death
Chelidonium majus (Greater celandine) CI
Biliary obstruction, hepatic failure, acute diarrhea, acute cholelithiasis, hepatitis, cholecystitis, unconjugated hyperbilirubinemia, pregnancy, lactation, children
Chelidonium majus (Greater celandine) Interactiosn
n/a
Chionanthus virginicus (fringe tree) constituents
Lignan glycosides: phillyrin (chioanthine). Saponins
Chionanthus virginicus (fringe tree) pharmacology
Saponin content give Fringe tree its hepatic, cholagogue, diuretic and tonic effects
Chionanthus virginicus (fringe tree) actions
Cholagogue, alterative, bitter and diuretic
Chionanthus virginicus (fringe tree) indications
Topical: wounds and inflammation
internal: liver and gallbladder dysfunction, jaundice, hepatomegaly, biliary insufficiency, gall stones, chronic skin conditions
Chionanthus virginicus (fringe tree) s/e
none
Chionanthus virginicus (fringe tree) CI
Biliary obstruction, hepatic failure, acute diarrhea, acute cholelithiasis, hepatitis, cholecystitis, unconjugated hyperbilirubinemia
Chionanthus virginicus (fringe tree) interactions
n/a
Curcuma longa (Tumeric) constituents
Volatile oil: alpha and beta tumerone, curlone, zingiberene, curcumol. Curcumoids: curcumin. Startch.
Curcuma longa (Tumeric) Actions
hepatoprotective, cholagogue, antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, antineoplastic, antibacterial, antiplatlet.
Curcuma longa (Tumeric) Indications
gallstone prevention, jaundice, hepatitis, IBS, protection of NSAID induced ulcers. Cancer, OA, RA, inflammation, asthma, skin disorders, prevention of strokes and myocardial infarctions.
Curcuma longa (Tumeric) s/e
Stomach complaints can occur following extended use or in cases of overdose
Curcuma longa (Tumeric) CI
Biliary obstruction, hyperchlorhydria, pregancy (abortifacient, empirical)
Curcuma longa (Tumeric) Interactions
may potentiate anticoagulants (warfarin)
Cynara scolymus (artichoke) constituents
caffeic acid derivatives: cynarin, chlorogenic acid. Flavonoids: rutin. Sesquiterpene lactons: cynaropicrin.
Cynara scolymus (artichoke) actions
bitter, hypolipidemic
Cynara scolymus (artichoke) Indications
Dyslipidemia, poor digestion (hypochlorhydria, dyspepsia, biliary insufficency, dyskinesia, anorexia, atonic constipation, gas)
Cynara scolymus (artichoke) s/e
The plant possesses a medium potential for sensitization through skin contact
Cynara scolymus (artichoke) CI
All due to bitter digestive stimulation: GERD, active peptic ulcer, gastritis, biliary obstruction, acute cholelithiasis, diarrhea, allergy to Asteraceae family
Cynara scolymus (artichoke) Interactions
none
Hydrastis canadensis (Golden seal) Constituents
Isoquinoline alkaloids: hydrastine, berberine, canadine. Tannins, fatty acids, resin,
Hydrastis canadensis (Golden seal) Actions
Bitter, cholerectic, anti-catarrhal, antimicrobial, immune modulator, antineoplastic, spasmolytic, astringent, “king of mucous membranes”
Hydrastis canadensis (Golden seal) indications
Poor digestion (hypochlorhydria, dyspepsia, bilairy insufficiency, dyskinesia, anorexia, atonic constipation, gas)
catarrh on mucous membranes, upper respiratory tract infection, candidiasis, vaginitis, mastitis, gastroenteritis, H. pylori, intestinal parasite, cholera, staphylococcal skin infection
Berberine is used as an adjunct treatment in various cancers and in neutropenia resulting from radiation and chemotherapy
Hydrastis canadensis (Golden seal) s/e
Nausea, vaginal and intestinal dysbisosis, berberine displaces bilirubin form albumin, GI disturbances, dyspnea, bradycardia, spasms, paralysis, delirium, hallucination
Hydrastis canadensis (Golden seal) CI
De to bitter digestive stimulation: GERD, active peptic ulcer, gastritis, biliary obstruction, acute cholelithiasis, diarrhea, acute hepatitis, acute cholecystitis, renal failure, pregnancy, lactation, long-term high doses
Hydrastis canadensis (Golden seal) Interactions
Antagonistic effect with PPIs (esomeprazole), potentiates hypoglycemic drugs (metformin, glyburide, rosiglitazone) may potentiate barbiturates (phenobarbital) reduces B vitamin absoption, efflux of paclitaxel
Theoretical: decreased drug absorption due to increased gut motility
Leptandra virginica (black root) constituents
Volatile oil, cinnamic acid derivatives, tannins
Leptandra virginica (black root) indications
Poor digestion (hypochlorhydria, dyspepsia, biliary insufficency, dyskinesia, anorexia, atonic constipation, gas)
hepatitis, liver congestion, cholecystitis
Leptandra virginica (black root) s/e
nausea
Leptandra virginica (black root) CI
Due to bitter digestive stimulation: GERD, active peptic ulcer, gastritis, biliary obstruction, acute cholelithiasis, diarrhea
Leptandra virginica (black root) interactions
none
Silybum marianum (milk thistle) constituents
Flavonolignans: silymarin, silybin, silychristin, silydianin,. Sterols, mucilage, flavonoids.
Silybum marianum (milk thistle) pharmacology
The hepatoprotective effects is from silymarin, particularly silychristin and silydianin.
The compounds inhibit the entrance of toxins and Block toxin binding sites through alteration of the liver cells outer membrane. Silybin decreases production of superoxide anion radicals and nitric oxide (free radicals scavenger or anti-oxidant) by the Kupffer cells
Silybin also inhibits leukotriene formation by the Kupffer cells which may be beneficial in treating liver cirrhosis and fibrosis.
Silymarin increases glutathione production by the liver, intestines and stomach. Glutathione is used for detoxification cells in the liver. Silymarin is an antioxidant, free radical scavenger, reducing iron 2+ induced linoleate peroxidation (through iron overload). Flavonoids (including silymarin) are good antioxidants due to their phenolic structure that acts as plasma membrane stabilizers.
Silymarin stimulates RNA polymerase I in the cell nucleus of hepatocytes, resulting in an increase of ribosomal protein synthesis and the regenerative ability of the liver.
Silybum marianum (milk thistle) actions
hepatoprotective, hepato-restorative (liver regenerative effects), cholagogue. Anti-inflammatory
Silybum marianum (milk thistle) indications
The herb is used for dyspepsia, toxic liver damage, hepatic cirrhosis, and a supportive treatment in chronic inflammatory liver disease
Silybum marianum (milk thistle) s/e
severe sweating, abdominal cramping, N/A, diarrhea
Silybum marianum (milk thistle) CI
allergy to asteraceae family, pregnancy
Silybum marianum (milk thistle) Interactions
Protects against acetaminophen to hepatoxicity and nephrotoxicity, cisplatin nephrotoxicity, cyclosporine pancreatic toxicity, methotrexate hepatotoxicity.
Potentiates Doxorubicin
Taraxacum officinalis (Dandelion) Constituents
Sesquiterpene lactones, polysaccharides, triterpenes, resin, flavonoids
Taraxacum officinalis (Dandelion) Actions
Leaf: bitter, diuretic, antiviral, choleretic
Root: bitter, hepatoprotective, anti-rheumatic, anti-inflammatory
Taraxacum officinalis (Dandelion) indications
Leaf: lower UTI, urolithiasis, edema, topical for warts
Root: poor digestion (hypochlorhydria, dyspepsia, biliary insufficency, dyskinesia, anorexia, atonic constipation, gas), cholecystitis.
Taraxacum officinalis (Dandelion) s/e
Nausea
Taraxacum officinalis (Dandelion) CI
Due to bitter digestive stimulation: GERD, active peptic ulcer, gastritis, biliary obstruction, acute cholelithiasis, diarrhea, allergy to Asteraceae family
Taraxacum officinalis (Dandelion) Interactions
Antagonistic effect with PPIs (esomeprazole); may potentiate lithium, hypoglycemic drugs (metformin, glyburide, rosiglitazone).
theoretical: decreased drug absorption due to increased gut motility
