BOOK 8 Flashcards
What is an accident?
- Anytime Department vehicle is involved in an accident with a third party vehicle or private property
- Anytime a Department vehicle is involved in an accident with another Department vehicle or Department property
- Anytime a Department vehicle strikes an animal, whether domesticated or non-domesticated
- Anytime a privately-owned vehicle of a member is involved in an accident during the members tour of duty, when such use is officially authorized
What is the main difference between gasoline and Diesel engines?
The two different methods of introducing fuel into the cylinder and igniting the fuel-air mixture. Fuel and air are mixed together before they enter the cylinder of a gasoline engine. Air alone enters the cylinder of a diesel engine
Pressure developed by the compression stroke is much greater in the diesel engine, in which pressures as high as ____ psi are common
500 psi
For each pound of pressure exerted on the air, there will be a temperature increase of about _____ F.
2 degrees F. At the top of the compression stroke (when pressure is highest), the temperature in the chamber will be about 1,000 degrees F.
It is very important that the clutch is not allowed to slip for more than about ____ seconds. When a clutch is slipped excessively the heat will quickly build up and damage the clutch assembly
1-1/2 seconds
What are the two primary functions of torque converters?
1) Acts as a fluid coupling to smoothly connect engine power through oil to the transmission gear train
2) It multiplies the torque, or twisting effort, from the engine when additional performance is desired
With the engine operating at full throttle, transmission in gear, and the vehicle standing still, the converter is capable of multiplying engine torque by approximately ___ to 1
2.2
What are the 3 elements of a torque converter?
- Pump
- Stator
- Turbine
TRUE OR FALSE: THE ENGINE CANNOT BE STARTED BY TOWING OR PUSHING. BEFORE TOWING OR PUSHING BEYOND A FEW BLOCKS, THE DRIVELINE MUST BE DISCONNECTED
TRUE
What is a Universal Joint?
A universal joint is a flexible coupling between two shafts that permits one shaft to drive another at an angle to it. This unit is necessary to provide flexibility in the power train as the vehicle travels over uneven surfaces
What is a Slip Joint?
As the vehicle travels over uneven ground, the distance between the transmission and the rear-end varies. A slip joint provides the necessary telescopic action in the drive line. It consists of a male and a female spline, a grease seal, and a lubrication fitting. The male spline is an integral part of the propeller shaft and the female portion is fixed to the universal joint
What is the Propeller Shaft?
Also known as Drive shaft, or Drive line. This device carries the torque from the transmission to the rear-end. This shaft may be solid or tubular type. The stress in the shaft varies from zero at the axis to a maximum at the outside. Since the center of the shaft resists only a small portion of the load, hollow shafts are used whenever practicable. A solid shaft is stronger than a hollow shaft of the same diameter, but a hollow shaft is stronger than a solid shaft of the same weight.
What is the Final Drive?
Its function is to change the direction of the power that is transmitted by the propeller shaft through 90 degrees to the driving axles
A common final drive ratio for L.A.F.D. apparatus is, ____ to 1
4.11 to 1. That is approximately four revolutions of the propeller shaft to one revolution of the rearwheels
What is a Differential?
The differential is the unit that allows the axles to turn at different speeds from each other while still pulling the apparatus. As a vehicle is driven around a curve, the outer wheels must travel faster than the inner wheels because they travel further in the same amount of time
TRUE OR FALSE: Although the transmissions used by the LAFD are true automatic transmissions they will give much better performance, smoother operation, and more longevity if they are operated as if they were a “clutchless” manual shift transmission.
TRUE
When should an apparatus pre-check be performed?
- Each morning at relief
- Any time during the day when a change of relief is required
- After each incident when the apparatus or its equipment is used
Why should fuel be kept to the full level whenever possible?
Because of condensation of moisture inside a partially filled fuel tank
When shall daily checks be conducted?
As soon as practical following relief
Any joint not equipped with a lubrication fitting; and of a design requiring lubrication, shall be lubricated ________ with a light coat of _________.
Monthly; engine oil
When draining tanks, which tank should be drained first?
The primary tank because it is the first reservoir that the air enters from the compressor and this will allow all moisture and foreign material to be blown out
A Heavy Apparatus is ____ cubic inches or over
465
What is Brake Fade?
Improper use or excessive braking will cause the brakes to heat up. “Brake fade” is one of the worst consequences of heat due to excessive, braking. As heat builds up, the lining on the brake shoes begin to melt. As it melts, it turns to liquid that lubricates the space between the shoes and the drum causing the brake drums to glaze. This same heat will cause the drums to expand causing the brake shoes to travel farther to reach the brake drum. It will be necessary to increase pedal pressure in order to stop or slow the vehicle
Depending on the type of vehicle, it will take between ___ to ___ second for the air to reach the brakes after you press the foot pedal. This lag means you have to start braking a little earlier than would be required in a vehicle with hydraulic or mechanical brakes
1/4 to 1 second
When should tire pressures be checked?
When the tires are cold
What is the average weight of a truck?
24 tons
What is the average height of a truck?
10’6”
What is the average width of trucks?
9’9”
What is the average length of a truck?
52’
Instead of driving to an incident at an excessive speed, what should a good driver do?
Know your first in district and know the shortest and safest route from your location to the incident
Good attitude makes up ___ percent of safe driving practices
60 percent
What are the three basic categories of safe driving?
- Safe vehicle
- Good physical condition of driver
- Good attitude
Studies show that in ___ to ___ percent of all vehicle accidents, emotional disturbance is a contributing cause
80 to 90 percent
For the alert driver, reaction time is about ___ of a second
3/4
As an average, it is considered that perception time is approximately ___ of a second
3/4
What are the 5-steps of the Smith System?
- Aim high in steering
- Get the “Big” Picture
- Keep your eyes moving
- Leave yourself an “Out”
- Make sure they see you
When directed to “discontinue” an emergency response, the transition shall be made in a ____ and __________ manner.
Safe and inconspicuous manner
What are the three factors that affect total stopping distance?
- Vehicle braking
- Perception time
- Reaction time
When determining following distance it is only necessary to allow enough room to stop within the same distance as the vehicle in front, minus their reaction time. The general rule used for this calculation is ____ vehicle lengths for every 10 miles per hour for heavy apparatus and ____ vehicle lengths for light apparatus
3 vehicles lengths; 2 vehicle lengths
A system for determining safe following distance is the _____________.
Three-second rule. By using the three second rule the driver allows the rear bumper of the vehicle in front to pass a stationary object and then counts off three seconds. If the front of your vehicle passes the object before three seconds, you are driving TO CLOSE.
Lights can be used on the high beam position to facilitate night vision, but they must be dimmed at least ____ feet ahead of an approaching vehicle and ____ feet behind a vehicle you are following
500 feet; 300 feet
In fog, headlights should be used but only on _________.
Low beams
It takes _____ as long to stop on a wet street as it does to stop on a dry one
Twice
Extremely slick conditions usually last for approximately ____ to ____ of an hour after the rain begins and then tapers off to a point where the wet street is only twice as slick as it would be if it were dry
1/2 to 3/4
Nationwide, with rescue ambulances alone, backing accidents account for ___ percent of all single-vehicle collisions
85 percent
Hazard zone is defined as the area ___ feet behind the apparatus and ___ feet to each side of the apparatus while the apparatus is moving backwards
15; 3
Tall buildings, hills, winding roads, blind intersections or heavy brush will reduce siren audibility by as much as ____.
2/3
TRUE OR FALSE: In using the air horn as a warning device, it must be remembered that the air horn is not a legal emergency vehicle audible device and should not be used to the exclusion of the siren
TRUE
When following other vehicles on wet roadways, keep at least ___ vehicle lengths distance for every ten miles per hour of speed between your apparatus and vehicles in front of you
Two
A wet concrete roadway will require approximately ___ to ___ percent more stopping distance than dry concrete roads
35 to 40 percent
Proper spotting of apparatus begins when?
With the receipt of the alarm
Who has the responsibility for positioning the apparatus at the scene of an emergency?
The captain and the apparatus driver both share the responsibility
The Departments Drivers Training Course should be completed how often?
Once every year
When involved in an accident with serious injury or death, phone City Attorney within ____ hours.
Within 24 hours
How many phases doe the Departments Drivers Training Program consist of?
2 phases
What is Phase I of the Department Driver Training Program?
Phase I: Classroom Study and Review
What is Phase II of the Department Driver Training Program?
Phase II: Driver Training Course and Driving Rodeos
Skidding is a major factor in 1 out of every ___ serious accidents.
1 out of every 4 serious accidents
During rain, protect yourself by driving in the “____________” left by cars or trucks ahead.
Tire wipes. On busy turnpikes, at 50-55 mph, these usually leave a fairly wide track where little water remains
Even in heavy rain, tire wipes will remain for __________________.
Several hundred feet
TRUE OR FALSE: A dry road can be as slippery as ice.
TRUE
When passing other vehicles, pass on the ______ if possible.
Pass on the left if possible. If the street you are responding on has a center divider and all lanes are blocked, or if a vehicle in the left turn lane has committed to a turn, it may be advantageous to pass on the right.
