BOOK 29 Flashcards
Lamella Arches are common where?
Common on gymnasiums, large buildings used for recreational actives, large supermarkets
Natural gas has an ignition temperature of _____ degrees F, and has a flammable range between ___ and ___ percent.
1,100 degrees F; 4 and 14 percent
TRUE OR FALSE: During positive pressure operations, do not “open the structure up” as is common practice.
TRUE
A facade can be defined as an ____________________________.
An identifiable style of construction on the exterior of a building that will conceal and spread the travel (extension) of fire
Roof ventilation operations on a corrugated metal building should be ______________.
Should be considered extremely dangerous
Although Lamella Arch roofs offer some protection when exposed to fire, total roof collapse may occur if fire removes more than ___% of the roof structure. Total roof collapse of the roof can result from “________________”
20%; the domino effect
Cable elevators are either _____ or _____ type.
Either drum or traction type
Is a Louver off a Main an Offensive or Defensive cut?
Defensive
Lam beams may be bolted together to provide lengths well in excess of ______.
100 feet
Compound Meters are used to calculate water usage for domestic water services that can use low and high water flows. Compound meters are ______ or larger and are normally found directly adjacent to shut-off valves
4 inches or larger
The equipment room for hydraulic elevator is normally located _______________, but can be at any floor level or ____ to ____ feet away from the elevator shaft.
Normally located at the lower level of a building; 50 to 100 feet away from the elevator shaft
When is a Figure 8 Bend used?
A Figure 8 Bend is used to tie 2 ropes of the same size together
Industrial shut-off valves, known as __________ valves, are used for high pressure applications.
Nordstrom valves. They are larger than standard shut-off valves, and may require more effect and larger tools to shut off the flow of gas
A Lamella Arch is supported by ____________ or _____________.
Supported by exterior buttresses or interval tie rods with turnbuckles.
A lightweight constructed gable truss utilizes ___ x ___ or ___ x ___ wood trusses held together by metal gusset plate connectors.
2 x 3 or 2 x 4 inch wood trusses
What blowers are required for the Air Cushion Model 70A?
(2) 20”, 1/2 HP, 60 HZ
What is the thickness of the Air Cushion Model 70A?
8’
A winding drum type elevator consists of a car attached to __________ cables that pass around a winding drum and to a moving counterweight
One or more cables
Natural gas is reduced to a low pressure at the service meter (approximately ___ psi)
Approximately 1/3 psi
Center opening doors consist of two power operated panels that part simultaneously with a ______, ________ motion.
Brisk, noiseless motion
Unreinforced masonry buildings are required to be reinforced to comply with the Earthquake Ordinance. Modifications may include:
- Add steel bracing from parapet walls to roof structural members
- Metal straps across the width of the roof and attached to opposing walls. The straps are usually 1/3 of the length of the building back from the front and rear walls
- Remove the layers of composition and cover the sheathing with 1/2 plywood. The decking is then recovered with composition
Is the Pull Back Method an Offensive or Defensive cut?
Offensive
Domestic water and fire protection service for high rises is provided by a combination water service that consists of a ___ to ___ inch water meter for domestic water and ___ to ___ inch detector check valves for fire protection in the same vault.
4 to 10 inch; 4 to 12 inch
Smoke indicator holes should be placed along the path of access or egress every _________.
Every few yards
Freight elevators can be as large as ________ and have a carrying capacity of up to _________.
12’ x 14’; 3 tons
Each year in the United States, there is an average of ___ deaths to firefighters in the fire service. On average, ___ of these deaths are due to flashover, and the number is slowly rising each year.
100 deaths to firefighters in the fire service. On average, 85 due to flashover
A Lamella Arch is constructed from ___ x ___ inch wood framing with steel plates and bolts at junctions of framing.
2 x 12 inch
The ends rope in the two-line system should be swapped end for end ________.
Annually. The reason for this is to reduce wear on the most used part of the rope
Nailing blocks will usually be found every ______.
Every 4 feet
Because of the arched trajectory of a fire stream, what is recommended when using the portable monitor?
It is recommended that spotter be used to accurately direct the stream from the monitor
Natural gas emergencies can be divided into the three following categories:
1) Inside leaks
2) Outside leaks
3) Leaks resulting in fires
Domestic water services for single family dwellings will normally consist of a ___ to ___ inch single water meter with shut-off valve on one or both sides of a meter.
1/2 to 2 inch
A commercial occupancy with multiple occupancies (such as mini-malls), can be serviced with water for a domestic water service by a single water meter for an entire building or, by multiple, 1 to 2 inch water meters in separate vaults, which can supply each individual occupancy (referred to as a ______)
A battery
What is the key to safe and effective roof ventilation?
The key to safe and effective roof ventilation is the knowledge of rafter type and rafter direction
What is a Score Cut?
A score cut is a light cut of the roof covering, usually composition only. A score cut is used to facilitate the removal of multiple layers of roofing material (composition)
What blowers are required for the Air Cushion Model 100A?
(1) 20”, (1) 24”, 1/2 HP, 60 HZ
Metal gusset plate connectors may vary in size, thickness and depth of penetration, but the most common are ___ gauge steel plates with prongs that produce _____ penetration.
18 gauge steel plates with prongs that produce 3/8 inch penetration
A common odorant added to natural gas is a _________/_________ mix, which is used in solution of ______ per ______ cubic feet of gas.
Mercapitan/Thiophane mix; solution of one pint per million cubic feet of gas
What are the 4 basic types of doors used on elevators?
1) Swing hall doors
2) Single slide doors
3) Center opening doors
4) Two speed doors
It is not practical in most cases to remove cut plywood from a roof due to the method in which the plywood is nailed to the roof rafters. What is the best alternative?
The best alternative is to louver the plywood. Once all 4 cuts are complete, use a rubbish hook and push down on the near side and pull on the far side
For roof ventilation, a minimum of ____ ladders should be thrown to the involved structure.
A minimum of two ladders
The primary danger from collapse of URM buildings are the _____ and _____ walls of a building. The secondary danger from collapse are the _____ walls of a building
Front and rear walls; side walls
The welded eye on the brake bar rack is used for attachment and is rated at _______.
10,000 lbs
How should rope be dried?
Allow rope to drip dry out of direct sunlight
What will a 45-degree inspection hole tell you?
1) Rafter type
2) Rafter direction
3) Sheathing type
4) Thickness of roof composition
5) Can act as a smoke indicator
TRUE OR FALSE: Never store the Air Rescue Cushion while wet.
TRUE. Allow the cushion to dry, then fold and place on apparatus
Detector Check Valves are used to supply water for a closed fire protection system. Detector check valves can vary in size from ___ to ___.
2 to 10 inches
The spikes on the portable monitor must be sharp to provide resistance to sliding. Replace any spike if the tip diameter exceeds _______.
Exceeds 1/16 inch
If there is a fire under an elevator car, what should be done with that car?
That car should be brought to the lowest landing possible to reduce the spread of smoke
What is knot efficiency?
Knot efficiency is measured by the percentage of rope strength that remains after a knot is tied in the rope
What is “J” Hooking?
The removal of sheathing is enhanced by a “J” hook motion with an appropriate tool (pick head axe). The “J” hook motion brings the pulling tool under and up to the decking in a smooth, forceful motion that will separate the decking materials from the rafters. This is more efficient if the pulling tool is used near the rafters.
Metal exposed to fire or sufficient heat will expand, twist and possibly fail (steel begins to lose its strength at _____ degrees F)
1000 degrees F
Panelized roofs may be found on ______, _______ or _______ buildings.
Wood, masonry or concrete tilt up slab buildings
What is tensile strength?
Tensile strength is the rated breaking strength of rope when pulled in a straight line, with no knots, under laboratory conditions to a point where is can be expected to break
What should you use to ventilate a lightweight concrete roof?
Use a rotary saw with a diamond blade or carbide tipped wood blade to cut ventilation openings
In a tied truss arch, tie rods (usually ____ inch in diameter) with turnbuckles are used below each arch member to ensure the arches do no push the exterior walls outward.
5/8 inch in diameter
Shutoff valves can be located by finding the MSA since they are always adjacent to each other. Initially, what should you look for?
Initially, look for a “G” that is either chiseled or painted on the curb. A “G”, required by Cal-OSHA, marks the location where the service line passes beneath the curb and indicates which side of the building the MSA is located
Compared to negative pressure ventilation, positive pressure ventilation is approximately ______ as effective at removing contaminants from a building
Approximately twice as effective
After the Tehachapi Earthquake, building codes were modified to require the following retroactive correction on EXISTING buildings of masonry construction:
- A 4 to 6 inch concrete bond-beam cap to be laid on top of all lowered parapet walls along public ways and exits
- Parapet walls should not be higher than 16 inches including the bond-beam cap
- Exterior walls drilled at the roof rafter level and a steel anchor bar/rod installed every 4 feet and attached to the existing roof rafter. This modification rendered the fire cut of the roof rafter ineffective
The high strength core (Kern) can carry up to ___% of the load with the cover (Mantle) designed primarily for protection against abrasion
Can carry up to 90%
___% of all fire hydrant gate valves close in a clockwise direction.
98%
What is a Head Cut?
A head cut is a cut made through the roof decking that is made perpendicular to rafters. A head cut is used to locate rafters. This cut involves rolling rafters. A head cut must be done on roofs covered with plywood and diagonal sheathing. A head cut is usually the first cut made on a center rafter cut
Due to the presence of arch roofs that have been modified as per the Earthquake Ordinance and floor/joists rafters that have been anchored to the walls, exterior walls may suddenly collapse (during fire conditions) outward a distance _____________________.
A distance that is equal to at least the height of the wall
Is a Louver off a Purlin an Offensive or Defensive cut?
Defensive
What is the power required for the Air Cushion Model 100A?
115 V AC
TRUE OR FALSE: When moving an inoperative cable elevator, it is generally easier to move the car upward.
TRUE. It is generally easier to move the car upward because of the counterweights.
Bowstring arch roofs were a popular type of roof that was constructed during the ____, ____, and ____ on both small and large commercial type structures
1930s, 1940s and 1950s
TRUE OR FALSE: Roofs built with conventional construction will usually withstand fire for a much greater length of time than lightweight truss construction, resulting in a safer roof to operate on
TRUE
The “D” shaped carabiner is designed to carry the load along the ______ side.
Along the spine side
To turn off the flow of gas, turn the _____, crosswise, to the flow of gas; crosswise to the pipe
The tang
What is the primary goal of effective ventilation?
The primary goal of effective ventilation operations is the reduction or removal of smoke, heat, and fire gases (contaminants) from a structure or enclosed area in a timely manner
Measurements during actual overhaul operations have indicated that positive pressure can easily reduce carbon monoxide concentrations of 1000 ppm to approximately ____ ppm to ____ ppm.
130 to 220 ppm
If two blowers of unequal CFM are utilized in the series position, place the _____ blower about two feet back from the entrance opening and utilize the _____ blower behind the larger blower to cover the entrance opening with pressurized air
Larger; smaller
The strength of the rope is restored fully when placed over a turn of a pulley that is at least ____ times the diameter of the rope.
At least 4 times the diameter of the rope
________ is a common size of laminated beams.
6” x 36”
Do redwood plugs work with polyethylene pipe?
No, redwood plugs do not work with polyethylene pipe
What is the knot efficiency of a Bowline?
65%
The skim cut is used on a panelized roof when you are performing the cutting technique known as “________________”
Louver off a purlin
Removing screens on windows prior to using these openings for ventilation purposes will increase the efficiency of these openings by at least ____.
At least 50%
TRUE OR FALSE: Above ground gas lines must be made of steel and cannot be plastic.
TRUE
To ensure maximum life of all ropes, rope ends should be swapped end for end ________.
Annually
Retrofit modifications of URM buildings could include metals straps across the width of the building and _____ to _____ feet from walls. These straps are extremely hard on saws.
Three to four feet from walls
Conventional flat roofs uses wood rafters of various sizes (___ x ___ inches and larger) laid across outside walls, or outs wall to interior walls/structural supports.
2 x 6 inches and larger
How is tying off the brake bar rack done?
Wrap the rope twice over the yoke and through the brake bar rack pulling the bars together. Tie the rope off with two half-hitches in front of the brake bar rack.
What is the price of the Air Cushion Model 100A?
$8,500.00
What earthquake was in 1959?
The Tehachapi Earthquake
According to Book 29 overhaul operations are conducted for what purposes?
- Ensuring a fire is completely out
- Determining the probable fire cause
- Leaving the owner or insurance adjusters some means of determining the loss
What is the power required for the Air Cushion Model 70A?
115 V AC
TRUE OR FALSE: Sawtooth roofs are basically constructed the same today as they were during the 1930s and 1940s.
TRUE
A common size for a purlin is ___ x ___ inches.
4 x 12 inches
Unreinforced masonry buildings will share all or a portion of the following trademarks:
- Rafter tie-plates on the exterior of a building
- A bond-beam cap of concrete on top of parapet walls. May also have been added for strength over the windows and between the second floors of multi-story builidings
- Deeply recessed window frames. Window frames are “set” to the inside of the wall, thereby exposing about 8 inches of brick
- Windows must have arched or straight lintels
- The lime mortar between the bricks is white, porous, sandy, and may be easily rubbed away by a fingernail, knife, etc.
- In every fourth to seventh row of bricks, one row will have been laid “on-end.” This row of bricks is referred to as the “king row” and is for additional strength
Tending the main line is a ___-member operation.
One-member operation
The portable monitor is intended for a maximum flow of 890 gpm. What allows the LAFD to flow up to 1,000 GPM?
Task Force Tips has allowed the LAFD to flow up to 1,000 gpm with the portable monitor as long as it is attached to a loop of loaded 4” supply line
During inspection of the two-line system, who should you call if any problems exist?
USAR 88
When accessory cord is tied into prusik loops, the cord used should not be less than ____ inch, or more than ____ the diameter of the rope it is to be tied on
1/2 inch; 2/3
What are the 4 basic parts of a carabiner?
- Spine
- Hinge
- Gate
- Latch
The Air Rescue Cushion employed by the Los Angeles City Fire Department is similar to air cushions used in the movie industry. The cushion comes with ___ (___ horsepower) electric blowers.
2 (1/2 horsepower) electric blowers
The midpoint and the ends of the rope in the two-line system should be marked. What are the only approved markers for doing this?
- Carter MARKS-A-LOT
- Stanford SHARPIE
- Binney-Smith MAGIC MARKER
Other markers will weaken the fibers of the rope
The lower cell does not have a breather port; consequently, very little air is released on impact. This provides the lower cell with _____ the energy-absorbing capability of the upper cell.
Twice
Service lines carry natural gas at a medium pressure, which normally does not exceed ___ psi
60 psi
Fire hydrant gate valves may require ___ to ___ full turns to complete a shutdown.
18 to 26 full turns
Pickets to be used as anchors should be ____ feet in length, ____ inch round steel stock preferred. The pickets should be pounded ____ feet into the ground, at a ____ degree angle, away from the object.
3 feet in length, 1 inch round steel stock; 2 feet into the ground, at a 15 degree angle
When selecting a site to deploy the portable monitor, select a site that has suitable anchor points or has room to deploy a ____ diameter loop of hose.
10’ diameter loop of hose
When ropes and software are not in use, where should they be stored?
Store them in a cool dry location away from direct exposure to sunlight
To construct a lightweight concrete roof, an air-entrained mixture of sand, cement and, occasionally, pea gravel is pumped on top of the corrugated metal decking and 4 x 4 inch or 6 x 6 inch wire mesh to a thickness of ___ to ___ inches
3 to 4 inches
What is a Metal Gusset Plate Roof?
Wood trusses predominantly composed of 2 x 4s that are held together by metal gusset plate connectors
A single 18” blower is adequate for an average (_______ square feet) single family dwelling.
2,000 square feet
Where should members securer sheared off hydrants?
The sheared off hydrant should be secured in a safe location
At an angle of 35 degrees (the angle at the elevation safety stop), approximately _____ of the nozzle reaction force is acting sideways on the base
82%
Rafters on a bowstring arch are ___ x ___ or larger and covered by ___ x
___ inch sheathing (diagonal or straight) and composition roofing material.
2 x 6 or larger; 1 x 6 inch sheathing
What is the thickness of the Air Cushion Model 100A?
9’
The tie-down strap for the portable monitor is made of _____________ and is _____ in length.
Made of nylon webbing and is 8 feet in length
Sawtooth roofs are constructed with rafters of ___ x ___ inches or larger and utilizes wood and/or metal supports for bracing
2 x 8 inches or largerr
Do not rescue passengers of an inoperative elevator using forcible entry methods unless ___________________.
Unless they are in need of immediate medical attention. Forcible entry methods can be dangerous to passengers and fire service personnel, and will cause damage to an elevator
What is the price of the Air Cushion Model 70A?
$6,000.00
Limitations in the length and diameter of the winding drum restricts this type of elevator to ____-foot lifts and _____ speeds.
150-foot lifts and slow speeds
What is the length of yellow webbing?
12 feet
Blowers must be positioned so the _____ of air issued from a blower will completely cover the entrance opening.
Cone of air
On apartment buildings, skylights will be placed over ________ and ________. On commercial buildings, they will be placed over _______________
Hallways and stairwells; manufacturing areas
What is the knot efficiency of a Water Knot/Overhand Bend?
65%
Why is natural gas a common source of heat in buildings?
It is a common source of heat in buildings due to its convenience, abundance and relatively low cost
Interior partition walls may not support the truss at any point along the bottom chord. Eighteen-gauge “roof truss clips” may be found nailed to the bottom chord (every ____ to ____ trusses) and top plate of interior walls.
Every 3 to 5 trusses
After the Sylmar Earthquake of 1971, retroactive corrections were put into place that were designed to prevent exterior walls form collapsing outward by stabilizing the buildings by:
- Anchoring the walls to floor and roof system
- Strengthening roof construction (plywood, metal straps, etc.)
A size-up is a mental evaluation that assist in determining a course of action and the methods necessary to accomplish a desired goal. A size-up consists of three operations as follows:
- Analyze the situation
- Decide on a plan (strategy)
- Put the plan into operation (tactics)
Positive pressure ventilation has proven effective against winds of up to ______.
Up to 25 MPH
Side emergency exits on elevators are usually at least ________ wide and ________ high, and located so there is free access to the side exit of an adjacent car
16 inches wide and 5 feet high
In bungalow construction, “__________” 2 x 4 inch studs and rafters were commonly utilized during the construction of there structures.
“Rough cut”
When using the portable monitor, set the monitor on an even surface so that all ____ spikes contact the ground.
All 3 spikes
Bridge truss roofs are found on various types and sizes of commercial buildings primarily constructed during the _____ and _____.
Primarily constructed during the 1930s and 1940s
Beam span supports of ___-inch hollow steel pipe may be found.
4 inch hollow steel pipe. Expect weakening and/or collapse of these supports with failure of large portions of the roof under heavy fire conditions
What is the rating of a 2-1 picket system?
2,000 lbs
The chain saw operator should cut a minimum of _____ dice cuts before the puller begins removing sheathing.
Three dice cuts
What is Flashover?
Flashover is a condition where all of the contents of a room are heated to their ignition temperature. Once their ignition temperature is reached, the entire room will quickly be involved in flames
TRUE OR FALSE: Traction type elevators are used for higher lifts and greater speeds than drum type elevators and use a traction sheave instead of a winding drum
TRUE
Depending on the type of fire, concentrations of carbon monoxide within the range of _____ ppm to _____ ppm are easily obtainable during overhaul operations.
500 ppm to 1,200 ppm
Joists measuring ___ x ___ inches by eight feet are installed with metal hangers on 24 inch centers between the purlins, parallel to the beams
2 x 4 inches
Which design of tubular webbing is the standard in rope rescue?
Spiral Weave (also known as “shuttle loom construction”)
What are some of the characteristics of masonry buildings constructed pre-1933?
- Mortar consisting of sand lime only, no cement
- Lack of steel reinforcing rods (“rebar”)
- Brick exterior walls about 13 inches thick
- Parapet walls around the perimeter of a roof. Parapet walls can be there feet above the roof line, and five feet or more if used as a facade on the front of a building
- Floor and roof joists that are “let” (penetrated or resting in a cavity) into the inside of the exterior walls
- Straight roof sheathing
- Roof and floor joists that are “fire cut” (ends were cut with an angle) so they would pull loose from the exterior walls during a firer and collapse into the interior of the building without pulling down the exterior walls
Skylights are usually constructed from ______ or ______.
Glass or plastic
How should the Air Rescue Cushion be cleaned?
The cushion can be cleaned with COLD WATER and a DECK BRUSH; however, this should be done only if absolutely necessary, as it requires placing the cushion out of service until it has dried completely
What is the re-inflation time of the Air Cushion Model 70A?
20 seconds
The midpoint of the rope should be marked with ___ black stripe. The ends should be ___ black stripe for odd years and ___ black stripes for even years.
- Midpoint- 1 black stripe
- Odd years- 1 black stripe
- Even years- 2 black stripes
Positive pressure is most efficient when the exhaust opening is between ____ and ____ the size of the entrance opening.
Between 3/4 to 1-3/4 the size of the entrance opening
The steel tube web members of an open web roof are prefabricated form ___ to ___ inch cold rolled steel with ends pressed flat into a semicircular shape with a hole punch through the end. These flattened ends are inserted into slots in the chords and steel pins (up to ______) are driven through the chord members and web member, completing the assembly.
1 to 2 inch cold rolled steel; up to one inch
When cutting parallel to purlins on a panelized roof, cut ___ to ___ inches inside of the purlins to avoid hitting metal hangers.
4 to 6 inches
After a jumper lands in the Air Rescue Cushion, have the jumper(s) immediately roll off the cushion and allow _______ for reinflation.
Allow 20 seconds for reinflation
The common “on-center” spacing of an open web is ______.
24 inches
The person falling into the Air Rescue Cushion should be instructed to fall as if what?
As if they were sitting down. When falling in this position, the body will naturally rotate causing the person falling to land on the small of the back
Water covers about ___ of the earth’s surface.
2/3 of the earth’s surface
The Rescue Air Cushion is constructed of ______________, which is fire retardant and waterproof.
Vinyl-reinforced fabric
Is crimping plastic pipe allowed to control a natural gas leak?
Crimping plastic pipe is acceptable as long as all tools used to work on plastic pipe are grounded
There are numerous (over ___) elevator manufacturers, each having produced a variety of elevators
Over 60
You should protect ropes and software from extended contact with what?
Chemicals containing alkaline, oxidizing agents, bleaching compounds and acids
What are the advantages of using a bag to store the two-line system?
- The rope can be flaked into the bag faster than it can be coiled
- The bag helps protect the rope from damage while keeping it clean
- The bag has 2 shoulder straps, which makes it easier to carry. If bag is worn on the back while rappelling, the rope will pay out as you descend without tangling
- A bagged rope is easy deploy. Secure the end of the rope and drop the bag over the edge. The rope will flake out of the bag without tangles. The end of the rope shall be secured to the bottom of the bag by tying a figure eight stopper
Large buildings may have open web bar joists used as girders spaced up to ______.
Spaced up to 45 feet
If there is power to the elevator, turn the power off for at least ___ seconds and then back on again. This can reactivate the elevator by allowing relays to reset (at least ___ seconds is necessary to clear any previous programming in the elevator computer).
30 seconds
Normal hoistway doors can be expected to utilize ____ gib blocks.
Two gib blocks
If the stitching of the Air Rescue Cushion comes apart, what should you do?
If the stitching comes apart, the cushion cannot be patched on a seam. The Air Rescue Cushion must be sent to Supply and Maintenance for repair
The Lamella Arch Roof is also known as an _________, _________ or _________ roof.
An egg crate, geometric or diamond-patterned roof
What determines the length of the dice cut?
The length of the dice cut is determined by the reach of the tool being used to pull the sheathing
Book 29 has general guidelines developed by ____________ for loading picket anchor systems in “average” loamy soil.
Developed by the US Army
A single lightweight truss structural member can span ______
70 feet
Transmission lines that distribute natural gas maintain pressures up to _____ psi and use pressure booster compressor stations, at specific intervals, to maintain appropriate flow and pressures.
1,000 psi
TRUE OR FALSE: The mainline and belay line can share the same anchor if it is bombproof.
TRUE. However, they must be attached to the anchor via separate pieces of webbing
TRUE OR FALSE: Facades are usually open or coming to the attic of a building?
TRUE. This is common along with a lack of firer stops in the facade
What are the 4 different settings of the portable monitor and the pump pressures that should be pumped?
- 350 gpm: 105 psi
- 500 gpm: 115 psi
- 750 gpm: 110 psi
- 1,000 gpm: 125 psi
What is a Penthouse Door?
A door leading form the interior stairwell to the roof. Opening the penthouse door can be a quick way to clear smoke out of the stairwell and any hallway that is open to the stairwell
What is the knot efficiency of a Butterfly Knot?
75%
When rappelling, start with ____ bars.
Start with 4 bars
Combined, the total weight of the portable monitor is approximately ______.
Approximately 61 lbs
Where can further information concerning the portable monitor be found?
In the manufacturer’s operation and maintenance manual
Natural gas is _________ than air.
Lighter than air, which results in escaping natural gas rising and rapidly dissipating
Domestic water and fire protection services for hotels are provided by a combination water service that provides domestic water with a ___ to ___ inch water meter and water for fire protection with a ___ to ___ inch detector check valve
4 to 6 inch water meter; 4 to 8 inch detector check valve
What is one of the most convenient ways of storing, transporting and protecting rope?
In a bag
Top chords of a tied truss arch are ___ x ___ inch or larger
2 x 12 inch or larger
TRUE OR FALSE: Temperature, humidity, and rain do not have any appreciable effect on positive pressure ventilation.
TRUE
What is the rating of a 1-1-1 picket system?
1,800 lbs
When should you inspect the Air Rescue Cushion?
Inspect the cushion after each use and monthly
Shut-off valves provide a means for controlling the flow of water through service and customer lines. What are the two types of shut-off valves commonly utilized?
- Non-Indicating valves
- Indicating valves
What form is used for the Two-Line Rope system?
F-975. Log the rope as soon as you receive it, log all training, emergency incidents and monthly checks
What is a Heat Hole?
A heat hole is a hole placed directly over the fire or as close to the fire as safety will allow
The accessory cord purchased but the LAFD is rated at _________.
3,630 lbs
What should the first action be when responding to faint odors of natural gas indoors?
Always check the condition of pilot lights as a first action
Mains normally run beneath a street and parallel to a curb and can vary in size from ____ to ____. Mains are constructed from ________.
2 to 72 inches; constructed from iron pipe
In less than ______ of a second, the Air Rescue Cushion is able to absorb and dissipate the energy of impact.
1/6th of a second
Sawtooth roofs are used on commercial buildings to yield what?
Used on commercial buildings to yield additional light and ventilation for manufacturing type occupancies
A single blower should be positioned so the cone of pressurized air _____ covers the entrance opening
JUST
Curb valves are also referred to as an Emergency Shutoff Valve. They are normally located near the property line, by a sidewalk and are ___ to ___ feet underground under a small metal, concrete fiberglass lid.
2 to 3 feet underground
When building a load releasing hitch, Take both lines that exit the munter hitch and wrap them around the line between the carabiners ____ to ____ times
3 to 6 times
When using the brake bar rack, the maximum bars would be _____, and the minimum should never be less than _____ during any operation.
6; 3
TRUE OR FALSE: Low nozzle elevation angles can cause portable monitors to slide or lift off of the ground which can result in injury or death.
TRUE. Do not operate the monitor on the portable base below the elevation safety stop
What are the two types of tubular webbing?
- Edge Stitched
- Spiral Weave (also known as “shuttle loom construction”)
Accorrding to Book 29, what are the components of the two-line rope system?
- One 300 foot low stretch 1/2 inch static kernmantle lifeline, white in color, with blue or red stripes running through it, stored in a red nylon bag (Main Line)
- One 200 foot low stretch 1/2 inch static kernmantle rope, orange in color, stored in an orange nylon bag (Safety / Belay Line)
- Two class III full body rescue harnesses size large (Engine Company)
- Three class III full body rescue harnesses size one small / medium, two large (Truck Companies)
- Two 8-mm accessory cords 20 feet in length to build two load releasing hitches(LRH)
- Two stainless steel brake bar racks, with six aluminum bars
- Eight steel “D” shaped carabiners
- Two 8-mm x 6 foot accessory cord (long prusik)
- Two 8-mm x 5 foot accessory cord (short prusik)
- Two pieces of blue 1 inch tubular webbing 5 feet in length
- Two pieces of yellow 1 inch tubular webbing 12 feet in length
- Two pieces of red 1 inch tubular webbing 20 feet in length
- Two inspection record sheets, one for each rope
- One 2 inch x 7 foot anchor strap with “D” rings at both ends
- Two pieces of yellow multi-loop webbing 3 foot in length
The City of Los Angeles uses a combination system to supply an average of __________ gallons of water per day to 4 million people.
600 million
Hydraulic elevators are generally limited to ____ story buildings
6 story buildings
What is the inflation time of the Air Cushion Model 70A?
1 minute
What is Branch Service?
In some commercial areas, multiple structures may be commonly serviced by a single service pipe called a standard service main. A metal ring identifies this branch service. The occupancy that is further from the supply main is a standard service, and the other occupancies are branch services.
Flat webbing is constructed of a ______ layer of material.
Single layer of material
There are generally ____ valves on the hydraulic power unit used to move hydraulic elevators.
Three valves
- One to raise the car
- One to lower the car
- One that will level the car to the floor landing
Transmission lines bring natural gas into the Southern California area and vary in diameter from ___ to ___ inches
12 to 36 inches
Water is delivered to individual structures by a combination of service and customer lines. Service lines run between a main and a water meter, can vary from ____ too ____. Service lines are constructed from ______, _______, or ___________.
1/2 inch to 12 inches; constructed from iron, copper or galvanized pipe
The stem of a wooden I beam is joined to the top and bottom chords by a continuous glued-edge joint, and may be constructed from ___ inch plywood or “chip-board” of the same thickness
3/8 inch
Water Meters are used to calculate water usage for a domestic water service. Water meters are normally directly adjacent to shut-off valves and vary in size from ___ to ___.
1/2 to 10 inches
What are some disadvantage of negative pressure ventilation?
- Personnel must be exposed to hazardous contaminants to position a blower
- Contaminants are drawn through the blower, creating additional equipment cleanup and maintenance
- Blowers placed in doorways or hallways can block entry or exit to the building
- To be effectively positioned, blowers suspended in doorways or windows must utilize straps, ladders or other accessories
- Interior blowers are not efficientt in removing contaminants at the top of a room or building
When performing louver off a main, while standing on a main beam, reach out approximately _____, and make first cut parallel to rafters from purlin to purlin.
3-1/2 feet
How should you lubricate the elevation worm gear on the portable monitor?
Turn the elevation handwheel to move the nozzle to its highest elevation and pump grease (medium viscosity automotive) into the fitting in the worm gear housing until excess appears.
Carabiners are designed to be locked with only ___________ tightness.
Light finger tightness
An escalator traveling between ___ to ___ feet per minute can carry as many as _____ passengers per hour.
Between 90 to 120 feet per minute; 5,000 passengers per hour
What does Open Web construction consist of?
Consists of top and bottom parallel wooden chords that are cross-connected by steel tube web members
The _____________ shall inspect and approve all system components prior to starting all rope operations.
Technical Safety Officer (TSO)
What is the proper tightening order when donning the Class III, full body rescue harness?
1) Waist
2) Legs
3) Chest
Pressure Reducing Valves are normally used in domestic services to reduce high water pressures to an acceptable level inside a structure. Dwellings commonly use ____ to ____ psi.
40 to 80 psi
What are the three categories of MSAs?
- Residential
- Industrial
- Multiple Gas Meter
Newer conventional flat roofs covered with plywood instead of sheathing will present a significant problem. Plywood which may be found in ___ inch to ___ inch thickness’ offer minimal structural integrity under fire conditions
3/8 inch to 5/8 inch
What is the normal and most common size for plywood?
4’ x 8’
What is Backdraft?
In a confined area, if the structure’s contents reach their ignition temperature and there is not sufficient oxygen to support combustion, a very dangerous condition exists. In this very dangerous condition, all that is needed is an air (oxygen) supply to explosively change the superheated area into an instant inferno. This is known as backdraft
The _______ is the actual roof line.
The scupper
When performing louver off a purlin, while standing on a purlin, reach out approximately _____, and make skim cut parallel to purlin from main beam to main beam
3-1/2 feet
Utilization of 2” x 4” in a span of up to ____ feet may be found in flat metal gusset plate roofs.
In a span of up to 80 feet
What is the weight of the Air Cushion Model 70A?
190 lbs
Pipelines within a distribution system can be classified as _________, __________, _________, and __________.
Trunk lines, mains, service and customer lines
Recognizing the “_____” or “_____” look will help in identifying buildings that utilized curtain construction.
The “cube” or “smooth” look
How should you connect the main line and belay line to the Class III, full body rescue harness if you do not have carabiners?
- Figure 8 follow through
- Bowline backed up with a double overhand knot
Rappelling or lowering operations over _______ should use a brake bar rack.
75 feet
Gib blocks are made of ___________ or _________ materials.
Various plastic or phenolic materials
What is a Smoke Indicator Hole?
A smoke indicator hole is a small triangular hole cut through the roof decking (sheathing and roofing material) made wit the chain saw or an axe. A smoke indicator hole is used to indicate smoke and fire conditions directly below the indicator hole
The load releasing hitch (LRH) utilized by the LAFD is constructed out of ___-mm accessory cord ___ feet long
8-mm accessory cord 20 feet long
On cable some elevators, the hoistway doors will open if the elevator is either ___ inches above or below the floor level.
Either 18 inches above or below the floor level
When using the brake bar rack for a single person load (rappel or lower), start with _____ bars. For a two-person load, start with _____ bars.
4 bars; 5 bars
What is the ONLY nozzle that is to be used with the Crossfire portable monitor?
The Master Stream 1000
Open web bar joist construction utilizes a popular building material (metal) in a wide variety of buildings, large and small. Top and bottom chords are usually made from ___ inch steel and web supports are solid ___ inch steel bar.
1/8 inch steel; 5/8 inch steel bar
What is a Kerf Cut?
A kerf cut is a single cut made through the roof decking, the same width as the chain saw blade. Although not as effective, the kerf cut can be used as an alternative to using the smoke indicator hole
What is the rating of the Air Cushion Model 70A?
7th floor
What is the knot efficiency of a Figure 8 Bend?
80%
The Crossfire portable monitor has (___ or ___) _________ carbide tipped spikes on the legs and the base to resist sliding by digging into the surface the monitor is sitting on.
5 or 6; tungsten carbide tipped spikes
TRUE OR FALSE: Larger figure eight plates have less friction.
TRUE
TRUE OR FALSE: New construction methods are usually designed to assist fire suppression operations.
FALSE. New construction methods ARE USUALLY NOT designed to assist fire suppression operations
Which of the three types of natural gas categories poses the greatest danger?
The greatest danger results from gas leaks inside structures, due to the potential for ignition and explosion
What is the length of red webbing?
20 feet
The current methods that are utilized to provide pressurized ventilation with portable blowers are _____ and _____ pressure ventilation.
Negative and positive pressure ventilation
The Crossfire Upper Assembly weighs ____ and the Stow-a-Way 800 base weighs ____, including the integrated 4” in-line shut off valve that weighs ____.
- Upper Assembly - 17 lbs
- Base - 43.7 lbs
- Shut off valve - 23 lbs
What is the rating of a 1-1 picket system?
1,400 lbs
When setting up the Air Rescue Cushion, attach a drop bag cord to the eye at each corner of the cushion. A pre-cut, _______ length of drop cord works well.
A pre-cut, 6 foot length of drop cord
What are the strengths of a panelized roof?
- Beams
- Purlins
- Building perimeter
To clean rope, you should use a mild chemical free soap such as what?
- Lifeline cleaner
- Ivory Snow
- Woolite
Brick buildings constructed up until the 1930s are commonly classified as ___________________.
Unreinforced masonry buildings
Domestic water service for apartments will normally consist of ___ to ___ inch customer lines and a single ___ to ___ inch water meter with a shut-off valve on one or both sides of a meter.
1 to 3 inch
What is a Skim Cut?
A skim cut is a light cut made with the chain saw, cutting through the roof covering and plywood sheathing. The saw is not inserted deep enough to cut through the rafters. You “skim” over the top of the rafters
Currently there are _____ types of elevators.
Two types of elevators
- Cable operated elevators
- Hydraulic operated elevators
What is balloon construction?
Balloon construction does not utilize horizontal fire blocking in the walls and plates between multiple floors separating the attic from open vertical runs in the walls. Balloon construction will quickly assist the travel of fire up the walls and into the attic
TRUE OR FALSE: Pure natural gas is completely odorless.
TRUE
When exposed to sufficient heat, metal beams can expand ____ per 100’ which can push out walls, etc.
Can expand 9” per 100’
There are various widths for webbing ranging from ______ up to ________. The webbing used by LAFD is ____________ and folded over flat webbing rated at __________.
From 1/2 inch up to 2 inches; 1 inch spiral weaved tubular; rated at 4,000 lbs
The end of the rope shall be secured to the bottom of the bag by tying a _____________.
Figure 8 stopper
Lam beams are spaced between ___ and ___ feet apart.
Between 12 and 40 feet apart
What is Diaphragm Nailing?
Plywood sheathing is installed so that the 8’ dimension of the plywood crosses the rafters or joists and the 4’ dimension parallels the rafters or joists. The sheets of plywood are then staggered much like a brick or block wall.
Straight sheathing was utilized _______________, and diagonal sheathing was utilized _______________.
Straight sheathing was utilized prior to 1933, and diagonal sheathing was utilized after 1933
Distribution mains are generally _________ and account for a high percentage of the mains in use today. Older existing distribution mains are made of _____ or _____, but are rare to find
Polyethylene; steel or copper
TRUE OR FALSE: Backdraft is limited to large commercial structures.
FALSE. Backdraft is NOT limited to large commercial structures. Under the right conditions, any confined area can result in backdraft
Concrete tilt up buildings can be up to ______ in height.
Up to 5 stories in height
What are the 5 different Panelized Roof Cutting Techniques?
1) Drop
2) Pull Back
3) Louver off a Main
4) Louver off a Purlin
5) Offensive louver
What are the 6 roof styles discussed in Book 29?
- Gable
- Hip
- Flat
- Bridge Truss
- Arch
- Sawtooth
What is the size of the Air Cushion Model 100A?
20’ x 50’
The overall construction of the Rescue Air Cushion makes it ________ and ________.
Durable and resilient
According to Book 29, what are the 3 things you should never do to a carabiner?
- Never tighten a carabiner using channel locks
- Never re-tighten a carabiner when the system is loaded. This may damage the locking mechanism
- Never side load a carabinerr
What is the knot efficiency of a Figure 8 On a Bight?
80%
What is the weight of the Air Cushion Model 100A?
360 lbs
What is the knot efficiency of a Double Figure 8 On a Bight?
80%
When going to move a cable elevator, there should be ___ member in the equipment room with what tools and equipment?
Two members; These members should have (2) claw tools, a pipe wrench (or large channel locks) and chalk
What does a flat washer on the stopcock valve indicate?
Flat washer = The service line is a plastic pipe inserted inside and older metal pipe
What earthquake was in 1933?
The Long Beach Earthquake
As a last resort portable gasoline powered blowers can be used to inflate the Air Rescue Cushion. What are the two negatives of using gas-powered blowers?
1) They add a significant amount of noise to the scene
2) They produce carbon monoxide, which causes a long-term degenerated effect on the vinyl-reinforced fabric of the cushion
Odorant is added so that as little as ___% of natural gas in the air can be detected.
1%
The safe area of a URM building is __________ and __________.
- The corners of a building
- A distance at least equal to the height of the walls away from a building
The LAFD currently has ___ Air Rescue Cushions, ___ rated at 100 feet and ___ rated at 70 feet.
24 Air Rescue Cushions; 6 rated at 100 feet and 18 rated at 70 feet
When using a “No Knot”, a small diameter anchor point will require more wraps, however, on any anchor point there should be at least ____ wraps.
At least 3 wraps
What is the size of the Air Cushion Model 70A?
15’ x 20’
Pulling a rope in a straight line until it breaks gives us the _____________ of the rope.
TENSILE STRENGTH
What does MSA stand for?
Gas companies refer to gas meters as Meter Set Assemblies (MSAs)
What is the safest method of restraining the portable monitor?
Using a tie down strap. It is inherently more reliable than other methods since it does not rely on traction or digging in of spikes. It is also the safest method because, even if the monitor moves, its travel is limited by the strap
The equipment room for a drum type elevator may be located in ________ or _________.
Located in a basement Orr on a roof of a building
What is the elevation angle of the safety stop of the portable monitor?
35 degrees
What is Horizontal Ventilation?
Horizontal ventilation is the systematic removal of heat, smoke and fire gases though wall openings such as doors and windows.
The common “on-center” spacing of a wooden I beam is ______.
24 inches
What does the basic MSA consist of?
- Piping
- A shut-off valve
- Regulator
- Gas meter
Bungalow and Ballon Construction buildings were constructed during the _____, _____, and _____, and are primarily utilized in single family dwellings and multi-story habitational occupancies up to ____ stories.
1920s, 1930s and 1940s; Up to four stories
Occasionally, an express elevator car may be stalled in a blind section of an elevator shaft, and as a final resort it will be necessary to breach an elevator shaft wall. Elevators of more sophisticated design have access panels from blind floors. These panels may be every ___ floors or ___-feet apart
Every 3 floors or 80-feet apart
What are the two factors that the air cushion rating is based on?
1) The maximum floor level from which a person may fall, based on 10 feet per floor, landing on the buttocks or back with a cushioning effect that is safely below the human tolerance level (as per the US Air Force in “Human Tolerance to shock”)
2) The ability of the person falling to properly hit the target
The ______________ is a larger version of a residential stopcock.
Nordstrum Valve
Carabiners used in the LAFD rope rescue kits are steel ___ shaped carabiners, rated at __________.
Steel “D” shaped carabiners, rated at 9,000 lbs
What is Natural Ventilation?
Natural ventilation is easily done by opening doors and windows and allowing the wind to ventilate the building. Natural ventilations limited, due to the location of the fire in relation to the structure’s openings and wind direction
What is Dicing?
Dicing is a technique used to cut 1” x 4” or 1” x 6” solid, spaced, or diagonally sheathed roofs. Dice cuts are made parallel to rafters with no concern to locating rafters.
Strip ventilation must be done in conjunction with ___________.
A heat hole. The heat hole must be accomplished first, which will slow down the horizontal spread of fire and allow the entire strip to be completed before the fire reaches the strip ventilation hole
Gib blocks are approximately ____ wide, ____ high and ____ thick and are installed every _______ across the underside of the door panel.
3” wide, 1” high and 1/2” thick; every 18 inches across the underside of the door panel
What are the two types of pulleys carried by the LAFD?
- 2-1/2” aluminum Prusik minding pulley
- 4” stainless steel pulley
The tear strength of the material that the Rescue Air Cushion is made out of is over ____ psi.
Over 50 psi
What is the best way to remove dirt particles from a rope?
The best way to remove dirt particles from a rope is to place the rope in a mesh bag or a pillowcase, place in a washing machine on gentle cycle and was in cold water
What is one of the major advantages of the brake bar rack?
That the rope runs straight through it, greatly reducing twisting in the rope during long lowering and repelling operations
What is a 45-degree cut?
A 45-degree cut is a series of two cuts used to identify rafter direction ONLY
What is the knot efficiency of a Figure 8 Follow Through?
80%
What is a Plug Cut?
A plug cut is a small triangular piece of roof covering (composition), which is removed from the roof to expose the roof sheathing
Where can the anchor strap for the portable monitor be stored when not in use?
The strap can be stored inside the monitor when not in use. The rubber cap on the strap will hold the strap in the base and protect the sealing surface of the quick connect swivel
How are lightweight concrete roofs constructed?
A steel or wood sub-structure is covered by corrugated metal (“Robertson Decking”). An air-entrained mixture of sand, cement and occasionally pea gravel is pumped on top of the corrugated metal decking and 4 x 4 inch or 6 x 6 inch wire mesh to a thickness of three to four inches
To determine the safe working load of a rope, you divide the manufacturers rated tensile strength by the NFPA safety factor of ____.
NFPA safety factor of 15. 10,000/15 = 666 lb working load, which exceeds the NFPA Standard of 600 lbs for a two-person rope
What are the four areas of a facade to be considered when coming across?
- Overhang
- Facade height
- Supported or unsupported
- Height from roof
Concentrations of up to ____ ppm of carbon monoxide can be inhaled for one hour without appreciable effects.
500 ppm
When performing a center rafter louver, after completing the head cut move back to the first “outside” rafter and cut a parallel cut approximately ___ to ___ inches inside the rafter.
2 to 3 inches inside the rafter
When setting up the portable monitor, make the hose connection to the portable base and extend the hose straight back from the portable base at least _______.
At least 10’
When notifying OCDS of a sheared off hydrant, what should you include?
- Fire hydrant location
- State is the fire hydrant has been shut-off
- The number of valves operated
Steel exposed to fire or sufficient heat begins to lose its structural integrity at ____ degrees F.
1,000 degrees F
What are some considerations at a natural gas fire?
- Protect exposures
- Generally, let the gas burn until the supply is shut off
- If necessary, control evacuation and maintain site security
- Notify the Gas Company
The kings row on unreinforced masonry buildings can be found every ______ to ______ row.
Every fourth to seventh row
What is the primary hazard of a tied truss roof?
The primary hazard of this roof is early failure of the metal tie rods and turnbuckles
Concentrations of ______ ppm of carbon monoxide and over are fatal in less than one hour
4,000 ppm
Rafters on a bridge truss are ___ x ___ or larger and covered by ___ x
___ inch sheathing (diagonal or straight) and composition roofing material.
2 x 6 or larger; 1 x 6 inch sheathing
When a fire occurs in an elevator equipment room, what is the probable seat of the fire?
The probable seat of the fire will be the driving motor
How can leaks from commercial toilets be eliminated?
Leaks from commercial toilets can be eliminated by removing a cap over the relief valve and using a slot-head screwdriver to turn the relief valve screw outward
According to Book 29, many of the knots used in the department’s rope rescue system belong to the ___________ family of knots.
FIGURE EIGHT family of knots
What are the four main objectives of effective ventilation?
1) Saves lives
2) Assists in firefighter access
3) Controls the horizontal spread of fie
4) Reduce the possibility of flashover and backdraft
When passing a knot in the belay line, pass the belay line through the tandem prusik belay until the knot is about ___ to ___ inches from the tandem prusik.
6 to 10 inches from the tandem prusik
There are basically only TWO types of ventilation holes:
1) Heat Hole (OFFENSIVE)
2) Strip Ventilation (DEFENSIVE)
What is Knob and Tube Wiring?
Where wires are suspended on ceramic insulators and pass through ceramic tubes when it is necessary to run the wires through studs or plates
The Pick-Up Arm Clutch, Vane, Cam or Bayonet is located on the hoistway door of an elevator and actuates the roller that operates the door latch. It is generally, ____ inches long on hydraulic elevators and ____ inches long on cable elevators.
14 inches long on hydraulic elevators and 36 inches long on cable elevators
The Rescue Air Cushion consists of an Upper Cell and a Lower Cell. The _______ Cell absorbs most of the energy generated by impact.
The Upper Cell
What is a Strip Ventilation Hole?
A strip ventilation hole should be placed well ahead of the firer, and the strip ventilation hole should extend the entire width of the building, creating a firebreak
With few exceptions, __” x __”s and __” x __”s are the standard for lightweight construction, while conventional construction will utilize a minimum of __” x __”s
2”x3”s and 2”x4”s; 2”x4”s
On a hip roof, the ridge board and rafters are usually ___ x ___ inches or larger. Rafters are usually ___ to ___ inches “on center,” similar to the gable roof
2 x 6 inches or larger; 16 to 24 inches
A centrifugal force governor is provided on most elevators to guard against overspeeding (when a car travels in excess of ___% of top speed, the governor will activate a safety stop device)
20% of top speed
Counterbalance weights are normally located where?
Counterbalance weights are normally on the back of the elevator shaft
Modern elevators utilize two sets of doors for operation and passenger ingress and egress. The door on the elevator car is referred to as the _____ or ____ door and travels with the elevator car. The door that is seen from each floor of a building is referred to as the outer or ________ door
Inner or car door; hoistway door
What is the knot efficiency of a Double Overhand Bend Orr “Double Fisherman”?
80%
What are the two basic methods that are utilized to pressurize a contaminated area to enhance or direct the travel of contaminants to the exterior?
- Natural ventilation
- Mechanical positive pressure ventilation
What is the rating of a single picket?
700 lbs
The knots listed in Book 29 were chosen because of their ________, _________ and ______________.
Because of their STRENGTH, SIMPLICITY, and EASE OF UNTYING
TRUE OR FALSE: Members SHALL NOT use any smooth-bore tip, stack tip or other spray nozzle on the Crossfire Portable Monitor.
TRUE
What are the major components of a panelized roof?
- Beams (laminated wood or metal)
- Purlin
- 2 x 4 inch rafter joists
- 1/2” plywood decking
The brake bar rack comes with ____ aluminum bars attached to it.
6 aluminum bars
TRUE OR FALSE: Natural gas is non-toxic and is not considered hazardous when inhaled in limited concentrations
TRUE
What is the knot efficiency of a Figure 8 Stopper Knot?
75%
What is the Apparatus Operators role while setting up the Air Rescue Cushion?
- Responsible fo primary (portable generator) and secondary (fixed electrical) power sources for the electric blower
- Deploys lighting to target area, at night
The supply systems supply water to the distribution systems. Supply systems are ________ or ________ or a combination of both
Gravity or pump
The rafters of a tied truss roof are ___ x ___ inches or larger and covered by ___ x ___ inch sheathing
2 x 10 inches or larger; 1 x 6 sheathing
Concentrations of up to ____ ppm of carbon monoxide inhaled for one hour will cause some appreciable effects.
700 ppm
If the area in front of an entrance opening is limited to three feet or four feet (i.e., raised porch), place the ______ blower in the entrance opening and the _____ blower three to four feet back from the door
Smaller; larger
There are connection points for ascending and descending on the full body rescue harness. The main line is connected to the _____ “D” ring. The belay / safety line is connected to the _____ “D” ring.
Waist “D” ring; chest “D” ring
Lightweight concrete roofs are utilized when what is desired.
When additional insulative properties are desired (next to airports, freeways, etc.)
Depending on the particular method that is employed, “curtain” construction can be about _____ faster than conventional construction.
60% faster
Polyethylene mains transporting natural gas are color coded to identify the pipe is transporting natural gas. Newer installations are
_____ in color, while older installations of plastic pipe can be ______ (___________) Orr _______ in color.
Yellow; pink (salmon beige) or orange in color
What does Wooden I Bean construction consist of?
Consist of top and bottom parallel wooden chords (2 x 3s or 2 x 4s) that are connected by a wooden stem
TRUE OR FALSE: When anchoring the portable monitor, you want to keep the distance between the monitor and anchor as short as possible.
TRUE
Where are the sources that supply water to Los Angeles City?
- 75% from two aqueducts form the Sierra Nevada
- 15% from wells within the San Fernando Valley
- 10% from the Metropolitan Water District (MWD) which supplies water from the Colorado River and State Water Project
What is Decking?
Decking is the material used to comprise the base and exterior covering for the roof
TRUE OR FALSE: NEVE step on the rope in the two-line system.
TRUE
What does a ring on the stopcock valve indicate?
Ring = Branch Service
Discontinue bleeding the hydraulic fluid while moving an inoperative hydraulic elevator when the car is level or within _____ of the floor landing
Within 6 inches of the floor landing
Adjacent car rescues should only be used when?
Should only be used as the very last resort due to the dangers associated with the operation
What is the rating of the Air Cushion Model 100A?
10th floor
In a structure fire, heat, smoke, and fire gases travel upward to the highest point of the building, usually the roof or ceiling. If the heat, smoke, and fire gases are not released, they will accumulate at the highest point of the structure and begin to bank down and spread laterally. What is this process called?
This process is generally known as MUSHROOMING
Lam beams are supported at their ends by _______, _________, or ________.
By pilasters, wood or steel posts, or saddles
What will tilting blowers at angles more than the manufacturer designed do?
This will cause a lack of lubrication to the crank shaft
In an automatic dry pipe system, the pipes are filled with ______________.
Compressed air
What is the rating of a 3-2-1 picket system?
4,000 lbs
How do you reset an earthquake valve on a MSA?
Turning a reset button, one-quarter turn, completes the reset
Dice cut should be approximately ______ long.
3-1/2 feet longt
What is the biggest hazard of any fire in an elevator shaftt?
The principal hazard of any fire in an elevator shaft is the smoke created by the fire
What are the two methods of horizontal ventilation?
1) Natural ventilation
2) Positive pressure ventilation
What is the exception to the rule that ground ladders should be thrown to the uninvolved corners of a structure?
The exception to the rule is when using a roof ladder. Your ground ladder must be thrown to the base of the roof ladder
What is the inflation time of the Air Cushion Model 100A?
1 minute
What is Positive Pressure Ventilation?
Positive pressure ventilation is a method of forcing clean, fresh, pressurized air into a structure with blowers
What are the components of a truss?
- Top chord
- Bottom chord
- Webbing (supports between the top and bottom chords)
Unlike conventional construction, lightweight truss construction does not derive strength from size. Strength is obtained from _____________________.
Multiple members that are in compression and tension
An automatic drain empties the water from a low point in the monitor piping to prevent freezing and help empty hose lines. The valve is designed to close automatically when the pressure in the monitor exceeds approximately _____ and open again when the pressure drops to that point.
Approximately 5 psi
When using the portable monitor, securely tie the monitor to an object capable of withstanding _____ of force.
900 lbs (400 kg)
1/2 inch KM-III static kernmantle rope is constructed of a tightly woven sheath (______), over a braided core (_____).
Mantle; Kern
What is the Crossfire Portable Monitored comprised of?
- Crossfire Upper Assembly
- Stow-A-Way 800 base
- Built in shut-off
- Master Stream 1000 selectable volume spray tip
- Tie down strap
When using the brake bar rack, sliding the bars closer together _________ the amount of friction, while sliding them apart _________ the friction.
Increases the amount of friction; reduces the friction
Do not attempt to rescue trapped passengers from an inoperative elevator unless _______________.
Unless the power to the elevator has been disconnected
Spans to ____ are possible with open web construction.
Spans to 70-feet
According to Book 29, a height of 100 feet will create a pressure of _______.
43 psi
The brake bar rack is made of _______________.
Stainless steel
When opening the bleeder valves to move a hydraulic elevator, open the bleeder valve slowly, just enough ______________.
Just enough to hear the sound of fluid flowing. NO VALVE SHOULD BE FULLY OPENED
After the Long Beach Earthquake in 1933, building codes were revised. What are some characteristics of masonry buildings built post-1933?
- Exterior walls are required to be at least 9 inches thick
- Masonry walls are required to be reinforced with steel “rebar”
- All joists and rafters are required to be anchored to exterior walls. This is usually accomplished by bolting a “ledger board” to a masonry wall and attaching the joists and rafters to the ledger board with metal hangers
- Cement utilized in the mortar
- Diagonal roof sheathing
Bridge truss roofs utilize wooden truss members built from ___ x ___ inch lumber.
2 x 12 inch lumber
Never get closer than ______ to the edge without being tied-off.
5 feet to the edge
If two people must fall into the Air Rescue Cushion at the same time, how should they fall?
They should hug each other tightly from the moment they jump until impact.
According to Book 29, wheat will reduce the tensile strength of rope?
The age of the rope and the knots tied with the rope
When passing a knot in the main line, pass the main line through the brake bar rack until the knot is about _______ from the bottom of the brake bar rack.
6 inches from the bottom of the brake bar rack
In a conventionally constructed gable truss, rafters are usually ___ x ___ inches or larger and are usually ___ inches to ___ inches “on-center.”
2 x 6 inches or larger; 16 to 24 inches “on-center” (up to 36 inches “on-center” for steep pitched roofs)
The legs of the portable monitor are made of _______________.
Stainless steel
What does it indicate if a gasoline powered blower is being utilized and an exhaust odor is noticeable inside the building?
This is an indicator that the exhaust opening is not large enough
What is the initial assignment to a reported jumper?
- (1) Battalion Chief
- (1) Task Force
- (1) ALS Rescue
When making a 45-degree inspection hole, start with a 45-degree angle toward or away from any exterior wall. When the saw makes contact with a rafter, roll over the rafter and continue to cut for approximately _________.
Approximately 6-10 inches
Accessory cord is ___-mm nylon cord used to make load releasing hitches and prusik loops.
8-mm
Roof lines are between ______ and _____________.
Between the attic vent and the top of the facade or parapet
What is the knot efficiency of a Tensionless Hitch or “No Knot”?
100%
Bowstring arches use ___ x ___ or ___ x ___ inch lumber
2 x 12 or 2 x 14 inch lumber
What is a Water Knot used for?
The water knot is used to join 2 pieces of webbing together
When breaching elevator shafts to rescue victims of inoperative elevator, consider the use of the Heavy Rescue. Their jackhammers will go anywhere a ____ hose line will go.
Anywhere a 1” hose line will go
If a facade is exposed to fire, expect the facade to collapse outward at least _________________.
At least the distance of the overhang of the facade
If ventilators are working correctly, leave them alone. A turbine-style ventilator is about ___% more effective when the turbine is spinning
30% more effective
The equipment from for traction type elevators is usually located ________ or _______________.
On the roof or above an elevator shaft in high-rise buildings
TRUE OR FALSE: If the air cushion is torn or punctured during an operation, it will seriously affect its capability
FALSE. It WILL NOT affect its capability.
Concentrations of up to ____ ppm of carbon monoxide inhaled for one hour is dangerous.
1,200 ppm
What is a plug cut used to determine?
Used to determine sheathing type and roof composition thickness
What is Ventilation?
Ventilation is the “systematic” removal of heat, smoke, and fire gases from a structure, and replacing it with cooler, clean, fresh air.
TRUE OR FALSE: When operating on a lightweight truss roof (or suspected lightweight truss), the ventilation team shall never conduct ventilation operations directly over the fire
TRUE. Members should employ the practice of “trading space for time” so that they may complete their roof cutting operation prior to the fire impinging on a given ventilation hole
What does a band on the stopcock valve indicate?
Band = Service line is plastic
TRUE OR FALSE: Simultaneously opening multiple windows and/or doors will not facilitate a successful positive pressure ventilation operation.
TRUE
The 1/2” KM-III static kernmantle rope is rated at __________ and weights ____ per 100 feet.
Rated at 10,000 lbs and weights 7 lbs per 100 feet
According to Book 29, rescue procedures for an inoperative elevator include:
1) Moving an Elevator
2) Adjacent Car Rescues
3) Forcing Doors
4) Breaching Elevator Shafts
On hydraulic elevators and some cable elevators, the hoistway doors will open if the elevator is either ___ inches above or below the floor level.
Either 6 inches above or below the floor level
What is the length of blue webbing?
5 feet
A bridge truss roof will predictably fail ____________.
Fail in sections
What earthquake was in 1971?
The Sylmar Earthquake
The ability to accurately estimate the amount of time that a structure can be considered structurally strong is dependent on the following factors:
- Type of Construction
- How long the fire has been burning
- Fire Intensity
TRUE OR FALSE: For standard entrance openings, multiple blowers in a parallel (side-by-side) configuration are less effective than multiple blowers in a series configuration.
TRUE
What are some factors that may effect natural ventilation?
- Proximity of the ventilation opening to the contaminants to be removed
- Ability of the contaminants to travel unobstructed to a ventilation opening
- Number and size of ventilation openings
- Direction of wind
- Humidity
- Temperature differential between the interior and exterior of a building
When using blowers in series, position the first blower ____ from the entrance opening. The second blower will be used to cover the entrance opening with pressurized airrr and will increase the capacity of the first blower by approximately ____.
2 feet from the entrance opening; approximately 10%
As a result of the earthquake in Sylmar, California in 1971 and the Northridge, California earthquake in 1994, over _____ elevators were put out of service due to the initial shock and aftershocks.
Over 1,000 elevators
What are “H” Clips?
“H” clips are metal clips used to hold the butted ends of plywood together. “H” clips are common on pitched roofs
The Air Rescue Cushion will fully inflate in less than ____________.
In less than 60 seconds
Where is a fire hydrant gate valve normally found? How are they identified?
Normally found in direct line with the fire hydrant and perpendicular to the curb. A six inch diameter cap (usually painted blue) covers access to the gate valve
Conventional construction utilizes structural members that depend on _____ for strength
Size for strength
What is the re-inflation time of the Air Cushion Model 100A?
20 seconds
The KM-III static kernmantle rope has a melting point of _________.
450 degrees F
During overhaul, if any fire does begin to accelerate or spread, it can easily be controlled by __________________.
Turning the blower 90 degrees away from the openings
Water service for fire protection in apartments will vary between ___ to ___ inches.
2 to 4 inches
Supported by lam beams, wooden purlins are installed with metal hangers on ___ foot centers
8 foot centers (a sheet of plywood is eight feet long)
What is the purpose of a load releasing hitch?
Designed to act as a shock absorber when the main line or belay line is shock loaded, or to pass knots through the system
Trunk lines carry water from a primary source to mains within a distribution system and can vary in size from ________ to _______. Trunk lines are constructed from _____ or ______.
36 inches to 10 feet; constructed from iron or concrete
