Bones basics Flashcards
What are visceral bones?
Develop in soft tissues, away from rest of skeleton
Os penis in dogs & cats
Os cordis in heart of ruminants
Chondral ossification
Bones ossify from cartilage precursor
Most limb bones
Found in load bearing areas
Often have specific fail/fracture configurations
Membranous ossification
Bones ossify directly from mesenchymal cells
Scapula & most bones of skull
Found in non-loading areas
Long bones
Cylindrical shape
Main part of bone provides strength & expanding ends provide transfer of load
Resist compression when loaded, act as levers & resist tension during muscle contraction
e.g. humerus, femur, radius, tibia
Short bones
Many sides & similar dimensions throughout
Found in groups of bones that act to transmit forces through joints
E.g. carpal & tarsal bones
Irregular bones
Irregular shape
E.g. vertebral bones
Flat bones
Thin, flat bones
Attachment for soft tissues & protect underlying tissues
E.g. skull, scapula, pelvis, ribs
Pneumatic bones
Bones which contain air spaces
E.g. flat bones of skull
Sesamoid bones
Provide additional strength & reduce wear over joints
E.g. patella & equine fetlock
Periosteum structure & function
Outer fibrous layer made of dense irregular connective tissue & inner cellular layer containing osteogenic cells
Growth, repair & protection of bone tissue
Compact bone structure & function
Solid bone consisting of concentric bone arranged around central osteone
Provide strength & support to body, production of blood cells & reservoir for minerals
Cancellous bone structure & function
Network of thin branching trabeculae that create sponge like structure
Provide lightweight framework, shock absorption & adapt to stress
Medullary cavity structure & function
Thin layer of compact bone (endosteum) containing osteoblasts & osteoclasts
Bone metabolism & storage site for fat & calcium
