bones and calcium

Question 1

name some bisphosphonates

Answer 1

Alendronic acid
Risedronate
Zoledronic acid

Question 2

what does alendronate attatch onto

Answer 2

hydroxyapatite crystals on the surface of bone

Question 3

alendronate moa

Answer 3

interferes with osteoclast ruffled border so osteoclast’s cant adhere to bone and produce the protons needed for continued resorption. promote osteoclast apoptosis while inhibiting the apoptosis of bone-forming osteoblast cells.

Question 4

important side effects of alendronate

Answer 4

osteonecrosis of the jaw

oesophagitis and stricture formation

Question 5

how should you take alendronate

Answer 5

stood or sat up

Question 6

alendronate nitrogen? generation?

Answer 6

nitrogen-containing, second generation

Question 7

alendronate acts as an analogue of what

Answer 7

isoprenoid diphosphate lipids

Question 8

alendronate inhibits

Answer 8

farnesyl pyrophosphate (FPP) synthase

Question 9

what does isoprenoid diphosphate lipids do

Answer 9

inhibits farnesyl pyrophosphate (FPP) synthase

Question 10

what signalling molecules does alendronate prevent

Answer 10

Rho and Rac

Question 11

Risedronate acts as an analogue of

Answer 11

isoprenoid diphosphate lipids

Question 12

Risedronate inhibits

Answer 12

FPP synthase

Question 13

what pathway is FPP synthase involved in

Answer 13

melavonate

Question 14

oral calcium supplement

Answer 14

Calcichew®

Question 15

paraentral calcium salts

Answer 15

Calcium gluconate (Parenteral - IV)
Calcium chloride (Parenteral - IV)

Question 16

where is most of the calcium in the body

Answer 16

as hydroxyapetite in bone 99%

Question 17

what is Alfacalcidol

Answer 17

active metabolite of vit D

Question 18

where and how is Alfacalcidol activated

Answer 18

enzyme 25-hydroxylase in the liver

Question 19

how does calcitriol increase calcium

Answer 19

increasing GI absorption
increasing osteoclastic resorption
increasing distal renal tubular reabsorption

Question 20

what is the active form of vitamin D 3

Answer 20

calcitriol

Question 21

what does the active form of D3 bind to

Answer 21

intracellular receptors that then function as transcription factors

Question 22

what receptor does vitamin D3 form a complex with

Answer 22

retinoid-X receptor