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metabolic drugs > Antimicrobials for urinary tract infections > Flashcards

Antimicrobials for urinary tract infections Flashcards

1
Q

examples of antimicrobials for UTI

A

trimethoprim
Nitrofurantoin
Co-amoxiclav
Ciprofloxacin

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2
Q

trimethoprim target

A

Bacterial dihydrofolate reductase

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3
Q

trimethoprim action

A

inhibitor

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4
Q

trimethoprim moa

A

Inhibits reduction of dihydrofolic acid (DHF) to tetrahydrofolic acid (THF)

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5
Q

trimethoprim clinical indication

A

simple UTI

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6
Q

trimethoprim adverse effects

A

Hyperkalaemia
Hypersensitivity reactions
Depression of haematopoeisis

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7
Q

becareful with which patients and trimethoprim

A

patients with predisposition to folate deficiency, acute porphyria
blood dyscrasias and in pregnancy

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8
Q

co-trimoxazole indication

A

Pneumocystis carinii pneumonia in AIDS patients

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9
Q

risk of trimethoprim and ACEI/ARBs

A

risk of hyperkalaemia

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10
Q

risks of trimethoprim and amioderone

A

risk of ventricular arrhythmias

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11
Q

porphryia

A

buildup of natural chemicals that produce porphyrin in your body

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12
Q

what is porphyrin used for

A

function of hemoglobin

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13
Q

trimethoprim class

A

Folate antagonist

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14
Q

what does trimethoprim have a higher affinity for human or bacterial DHF

A

bacterial

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15
Q

what is THF

A

an essential precursor in the thymidine synthesis pathway – interference with this pathway inhibits bacterial DNA synthesis

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16
Q

nitrofurantoin moa

A

inhibit bacterial enzymes including those involved in bacterial carbohydrate metabolism and those involved in cell wall synthesis.

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17
Q

nitrofurantoin adverse effects

A

Peripheral neuropathy
Pulmonary fibrosis
Hypersensitivity reactions involving skin and bone marrow
Haemolytic anaemia

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18
Q

something you have to warn patients about when taking nitrofurantoin

A

urine might turn brown
swallow without chewing
take with food

19
Q

nitrofurantoin is activated by

A

bacterial flavoproteins

20
Q

what is nitrofurantoinstable against

A

bacterial resistance

21
Q

what is Co-amoxiclav used for

A

pyelonephritis

22
Q

amoxicillin

A

β-lactam antibiotics

23
Q

amoxicillin target

A

Bacterial penicillin-binding proteins/transpeptidase enzymes

24
Q

amoxicillin action

A

Inhibitor

25
Q

amoxicillin moa

A

Inhibit cross-linking of NAMA/NAG peptide chains in the peptidoglycan bacterial cell wall

26
Q

amoxicillin bad side effects

A

Hypersensitivity reactions
Antibiotic associated diarrhoea (oral penicillin)
Encephalopathy due to cerebral irritation
Maculopapular rash with glandular fever

27
Q

why cant you use amoxicillin for general sore throat

A

Maculopapular rash when amoxicillin given to patients with glandular fever

28
Q

in amoxicillin treatment what organised the apoptosis of bacterial cells

A

autolysins

29
Q

what makes amoxicillin more stable

A

clavulanic acid

30
Q

what is Ciprofloxacin used for

A

pyelonephritis

31
Q

Ciprofloxacin drug class

A

Quinolone antibiotics

32
Q

Ciprofloxacin target

A

Bacterial DNA gyrase

33
Q

Ciprofloxacin moa

A

Inhibit supercoiling of the bacterial DNA double helix

34
Q

common risk with ciprofloxacin

A

c diff

35
Q

important side effects of Ciprofloxacin

A

Tendon damage and rupture

Depression, anxiety, psychoses, convulsions

36
Q

Ciprofloxacin and alcohol

A

enhances the effect

37
Q

is Ciprofloxacin broad or narrow

A

broad

38
Q

what is Bacterial DNA gyrase also known as

A

topoisomerase II

39
Q

gentamicin drug class

A

Aminoglycoside antibiotics

40
Q

gentamicin target

A

Bacterial 30s ribosomal subunit

41
Q

gentamicin are useless against what infections

A

anaerobic as they require oxygen to get into the cell

42
Q

how do you give gentamicin

A

IV as you cant absorb in the gut

43
Q

is gentamicin broad or narrow

A

broad

44
Q

risks with gentamicin

A

significant ear and kidny damage

metabolic drugs (14 decks)

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