Antimicrobials for urinary tract infections Flashcards
examples of antimicrobials for UTI
trimethoprim
Nitrofurantoin
Co-amoxiclav
Ciprofloxacin
trimethoprim target
Bacterial dihydrofolate reductase
trimethoprim action
inhibitor
trimethoprim moa
Inhibits reduction of dihydrofolic acid (DHF) to tetrahydrofolic acid (THF)
trimethoprim clinical indication
simple UTI
trimethoprim adverse effects
Hyperkalaemia
Hypersensitivity reactions
Depression of haematopoeisis
becareful with which patients and trimethoprim
patients with predisposition to folate deficiency, acute porphyria
blood dyscrasias and in pregnancy
co-trimoxazole indication
Pneumocystis carinii pneumonia in AIDS patients
risk of trimethoprim and ACEI/ARBs
risk of hyperkalaemia
risks of trimethoprim and amioderone
risk of ventricular arrhythmias
porphryia
buildup of natural chemicals that produce porphyrin in your body
what is porphyrin used for
function of hemoglobin
trimethoprim class
Folate antagonist
what does trimethoprim have a higher affinity for human or bacterial DHF
bacterial
what is THF
an essential precursor in the thymidine synthesis pathway – interference with this pathway inhibits bacterial DNA synthesis
nitrofurantoin moa
inhibit bacterial enzymes including those involved in bacterial carbohydrate metabolism and those involved in cell wall synthesis.
nitrofurantoin adverse effects
Peripheral neuropathy
Pulmonary fibrosis
Hypersensitivity reactions involving skin and bone marrow
Haemolytic anaemia
something you have to warn patients about when taking nitrofurantoin
urine might turn brown
swallow without chewing
take with food
nitrofurantoin is activated by
bacterial flavoproteins
what is nitrofurantoinstable against
bacterial resistance
what is Co-amoxiclav used for
pyelonephritis
amoxicillin
β-lactam antibiotics
amoxicillin target
Bacterial penicillin-binding proteins/transpeptidase enzymes
amoxicillin action
Inhibitor
amoxicillin moa
Inhibit cross-linking of NAMA/NAG peptide chains in the peptidoglycan bacterial cell wall
amoxicillin bad side effects
Hypersensitivity reactions
Antibiotic associated diarrhoea (oral penicillin)
Encephalopathy due to cerebral irritation
Maculopapular rash with glandular fever
why cant you use amoxicillin for general sore throat
Maculopapular rash when amoxicillin given to patients with glandular fever
in amoxicillin treatment what organised the apoptosis of bacterial cells
autolysins
what makes amoxicillin more stable
clavulanic acid
what is Ciprofloxacin used for
pyelonephritis
Ciprofloxacin drug class
Quinolone antibiotics
Ciprofloxacin target
Bacterial DNA gyrase
Ciprofloxacin moa
Inhibit supercoiling of the bacterial DNA double helix
common risk with ciprofloxacin
c diff
important side effects of Ciprofloxacin
Tendon damage and rupture
Depression, anxiety, psychoses, convulsions
Ciprofloxacin and alcohol
enhances the effect
is Ciprofloxacin broad or narrow
broad
what is Bacterial DNA gyrase also known as
topoisomerase II
gentamicin drug class
Aminoglycoside antibiotics
gentamicin target
Bacterial 30s ribosomal subunit
gentamicin are useless against what infections
anaerobic as they require oxygen to get into the cell
how do you give gentamicin
IV as you cant absorb in the gut
is gentamicin broad or narrow
broad
risks with gentamicin
significant ear and kidny damage
