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Pathology 2 Block 2 > Bone Intro > Flashcards

Bone Intro Flashcards

1
Q

bone is what type of tissue?

A

connective tissue

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2
Q

bone is composed by what types of connective tissue?

A

organic and inorganic

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3
Q

what is the inorganic component of bone?

what is the purpose for this component?

A

hydroxyapatite - gives bone strength by storing Ca, P, Na, and Mg

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4
Q

what will hydroxyapatite form in bone?

A

osteoid which is type 1 collagen

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5
Q

how is osteoid formed?

A

deposition of calcium hydroxyapatite

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6
Q

what are the cells of the bone?

A

Osteoprogenitor cells
Osteoblasts
Osteocytes
Osteoclasts

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7
Q

what are osteoprogenitor cells?

A

cells that make osteoblasts and are pluripotent mesenchymal stem cells

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8
Q

bone formation occurs in what type of environment?

A

alkaline

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9
Q

osteoblast are responsible of making what?

A

osteoid

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10
Q

osteoblasts contain high amounts of what?

A

alkaline phosphatase

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11
Q

osteoblast modify the activity of what other bone cell?

A

osteoclasts

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12
Q

osteoblasts have receptors for what?

A

PTH, Vit. D, and estrogen

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13
Q

what can you assess if you find a lab report that shows elevated alkaline phosphatase?
when do you see alkaline phosphatase?

A

this is a marker for bone formation

bone diseases that have increased bone turnover

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14
Q

what are osteocytes?

A

osteoblasts that get surrounded by matrix

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15
Q

how do osteocytes communicate with each other?

A

using canaliculi or tunnels

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16
Q

what is the function of osteocytes?

A

they regulate Ca levels and remodel the skeleton

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17
Q

how do osteoclasts look in the microscope?

A

multinucleated giant cell

18
Q

osteoclasts are derived from the the same cell as what other cells?

A

monocytes and macrophages

19
Q

osteoclasts contain a high amount of what?

A

acid phosphatase and collagenase

20
Q

where do osteoclasts do resorption of bone?

A

within Howship’s lacunae

21
Q

what factors influence osteogenesis by acting on osteoblasts and stromal cells?

what will these factors stimulate?

A

IL-1** (also, IL-6, 3, 11)
M-CSF**

change the activity of: RANK, RANK-L, Osteoprotegerin

22
Q

where do you find RANK?

A

on precursors of osteoclasts

23
Q

where do you find RANK-L?

A

on osteoblasts

24
Q

binding of RANK to RANK-L will cause what?

A

development of osteoclasts

25
Q

who secretes osteoprotegerin?

A

osteoblasts

26
Q

osteoprotegerin acts as what?

A

a decoy receptor

27
Q

what does osteoprotegerin do?

A

binds to RANK-L and blocks its action (STOPS oscteoCLASTogenesis)

28
Q

what do parathyroid and prostaglandins do?

A

increase RANK-L, decrease Osteoprotegerin, increase bone resorption

29
Q

what does estrogen do to bone?

A

lessens M-CSF and stimulates osteopretegerin, so it stops osteoclastogenesis

30
Q

what are the proteins found in bone?

A

type 1 collagen made by osteoblasts

31
Q

what are the 2 types of bone?

A

Lamellar and woven

32
Q

when do you see woven bone?

A

fetal skeleton

33
Q

how fast is woven bone made?

A

fast

34
Q

what kind of force does woven bone resist?

A

all types of forces from all directions equally

35
Q

what is lamellar bone?

A

orderly layered collagen deposition

36
Q

how strong is lamellar bone?

A

more strong than woven

37
Q

what is Intramembranous bone?

A

bone formation without a “cartilage model”

38
Q

what part of the body are made of intramembranous bone?

A

Flat bones such as the cranial bones, clavicles, vertebrae, ankle bones.

39
Q

what is Endochondral bone?

A

Indirect bone formation from a cartilage model, formed from cartilage at the epiphyseal growth plates

40
Q

what types of bones are made of endochondral bone?

A

long bones (femur or humerus)

Pathology 2 Block 2 (32 decks)

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