Bone Flashcards
bone is what kind of tissue?
living
what are the functions of bone
supports soft tissue, protects internal organs, movement, mineral storage, blood cell production and energy storage in form of adipose cells in bone marrow
Bone tissues contain 4 types of cells surrounded by an extensive matrix
1) osteoprogenitor : differentiate into osteoblasts
2) osteoblasts: secrete collagen and organic compounds which causes bone to form. these are incapable of mitosis . they differentiate into osteoclasts as they release matrix materials around themselves
3) osteocytes: also incapable of mitosis . these exchange nutrients and waste materials with the blood.
4) osteoclasts: resorb bone matrix, release minerals back into blood. these develop from RBC monocytes
what is the long shaft of the bone called?
diaphysis
what are the two ends of the bone composed of?
metaphysic and epiphysis
what does spongy bone contain?
red bone marrow! - site of hemopoiesis or RBC development
what does compact bone contain?
it has yellow bone marrow?- which contains adipose cells for fat storage
compact bone is highly organized…
osteoclasts burrow tunnels called Haversian canals through compact bone. the osteoclasts are followed by osteoblasts, which lay down a new matrix onto tunnel walls forming concentric rings called lamellae. osteocytes trapped between lamellae exchange nutrients via canaliculi. Haversian Canals contain blood and lymph vessels and are connected by crossing canals called volkmanns canals. the entire system of lamellae and Haversian canal is called an osteon
Bone function in mineral homeostasis
most calcium in blood is not free, its bound by proteins and to a much lesser extent by phosphates and other anions. the free calcium in the blood is important physiologically . too much are calcium can cause hypo excitable produce lethargy, fatigue and memory loss
too little produces cramps and convulsions
most of the calcium in the body is stored in the bone matrix as …
hydroxyapatite - these crystals lie alongside collagen fibers and give bone greater compressive strength
what are the 4 types of bones?
long, short, flat, and irregular
Summary, what is the bone for?
bone is not just for support, protection and movement . It also stores calcium and phosphate helping to maintain a homeostatic concentration of these ions in the blood. Bone stores energy in the form of fat . Bone is also the site of blood cell formation.
what is cartilage?
flexible, reilient connective tissue. it is made of mostly collagen.cartilage has no blood vessels or nerves except in its outside membrane called periochondrium.
what are the 3 types of cartilage?
hyaline
fibrocartilage
elastic
hyaline is the most common and it reduces friction and absorbs shock in joints.
