BONE-04 Flashcards
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(Luxations and subluxations)
- what is complete dislocation of a joint?
- What is partial dislocation of a joint
(patellar luxations)
- common in what?
- most associated with what?
- how acquired?
- Uni- or bilateral; medial or lateral or both
which is most common?
- Lateral luxations tend to occur in what?
- luxation
- subluxation
- dogs
- anatomical defects
- inherited (polygenic)
- medial luxations (75%)
most comin small dogs
- larger dogs and some giant breeds
(Luxations and subluxations)
(Patellar luxation in horses)
- how common compared to dogs?
- almmost always occurs in what direction?
Associated with hypoplasia of what?
(Patellar luxations are rare in other species)
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- less
- lateral
lateral ridge of femoral trochlea
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(Hip Dysplasia)
- in what animals?
- Acetabular dysplasia may be more accurate
- how acquired?
- rapid growth rate
- May be a manifestation of what?
- obvious at birth?
- Large dogs; less common in cattle; rare in other species (exception is Norwegian Dole horse)
- Inherited (polygenic), with modification by environment
- osteochondrosis
- No - Normal at birth; Definitive radiographic evidence may not occur until after one year of age; earlier in severe disease.
(Hip Dysplasia)
- Initial microscopic lesions may be seen as early as when?
- Earliest radiographic abnormality (present by 7 weeks of age) is what?
- Acetabulum becomes shallow, distorted and wide
- Drift of capital femoral epiphysis with remodeling of what?
- 30 days
- retarded development of craniodorsal acetabular rim
- femoral neck
(Hip Dyslplasia)
- Degenerative changes may be present by when?
- what may develop over time (osteoarthrosis)?
- Lesions?
- 5-8 months
- Advanced degenerative joint disease
- Osteophytes
Cartilage ulceration
Eburnation of bone
Distortion of acetabulum, head, and neck of femur

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(Hip Dyspaisa in Cattle)
- how acquired?
- sex pre?
- genetics?
- Herefords and other beef breeds
- Pathologic changes similar to those in dogs
- inheritied
- only males
- Recessive and sex limited inheritance
(Arthrogryposis)
- what is it?
- cause?
- Link between arthrogryposis and lesions caused by what?
- what appears to be critically important to the development of arthrogryposis?
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- Persistent flexure or contracture of a joint
(May involve only one or two limbs)
- unclear
- arrest or delay of neural tube closure (dysraphism)
- Loss of motion of fetus during development
(Cleft palate, arthrogryposis, scoliosis, kyphosis, torticollis)
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(II. Degenerative Diseases of Joints)
(A. Synovial (diarthrodial/movable) joints)
(Degenerative joint disease (osteoarthrosis/itis))
- how common?
- driven by inflammation?
- Joint fluid initially normal
- Chronicity leads to what?
- Any insult that produces structural injury to joint cartilage or subchondral bone or that is associated with prolonged or repetitive abnormal joint function
- common
- no
- joint deterioration
(II. Degenerative Diseases of Joints)
(Degenerative Joint Disease)
(primary anthropathies)
- cause?
(secondary arthropathies)
- secondary to what?
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- unknown
Examples in animals:
Ringbone, spavin, and navicular disease Arthropathy of canine shoulder
Arthropathy of the bovine stifle
- known cause
Examples in animals
Osteochondrosis Previous trauma
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(Degenerative Joint Disease)
- Which joints usually the first to show degenerative changes and are most severely affected
- In individual joints, what areas of catilage are most vulnerable?
- Larger
- the areas of cartilage that bear the most stress are the most vulnerable
(Degenerative Joint Disease)
(Lesions)
- Fibrillation, clefting, and loss of articular cartilage
- Increased thickness of what?
- Osteophytes - which is what?
- Thickened joint capsule (fibrous tissue) with synovial proliferation
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- subchondral bone (eburnation)
- (increased size of joint)
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(1. Ringbone, spavin, navicular disease)
1. common disorders of what
2. All develop where?
3. Ringbone involves what joint?
4. Bone spavin involves what joint?
5. Navicular disease centered in what bones?
- horses
- at site of high or sustained mechanical loading
- interphalangeal joints (high ringbone proximal; low ringbone distal)
- intertarsal joints
- navicular bones