02 - path of upper - path of lar and phar

Question 1

(1. What is stenotic airway syndrome of dogs, what lesions are involved and what breeds are usually affected?)
1. What is stenotic airway syndrome of dogs?
2. What lesions are involved ?
3. What breeds are usually effected?
4. increased inspiratory effort, cyanosis and syncope (fainting)

Answer 1

1. brachycephalic stenotic airway syndrome = upper airway obstruction syndrome
2. stenotic external nares

extended length (elongated) soft palate

everted laryngeal saccules and laryngeal collapse and hypoplastic trachea can occur in any combination

airflow is obstructed by excessive soft tissue in the soft palate (soft tissue extends beyond cranial bone)

3. bulldogs, boxers, boston terriers, pugs, pekingese

Question 2

2. List a separate respiratory virus of horses, cattle, cats, and chickens that can assume a latent stage in neural tissue? What is the similarity between these
   respective viruses?

Answer 2

2. Equine Herpesvirus-1, Feline Herpesvirus-1, bovine herpesvirus-1, can’t find one for chicken

They are herpesviruses….

Question 3

(3. What is the most common primary neoplasm in the nasal cavity and the lung of dogs?)
1. what is it?

Answer 3

1. carcinomas and adenocarcinomas

(might be more on this one)

Question 4

(4. How Does bacterial infection complicate the diagnosis of a nasal neoplasm in cats and dogs?)

come back to this one

Question 5

(5. List three respiratory diseases thta can or might promote exercise intolerance in race horses. Which one in particular can be assocaiated with stabling/indoor housing?)

1-3. list them

COME BACK TO THIS

Answer 5

1. (developmental defect)

pharyngeal and subepiglottic cysts: 1-9 cm diameter. Large cysts can cause airway obstruction and exercise intolerance

2. Lymphoid hyperplasia in 2 year-old race horses

can be idiopathic or secondary to bacterial pharyngitis

White foci on dorsolateral walls of pharynx partially obstruct upper airway and promote exercise intolerance

3. roaring - inspiratory noise and exercise intolerance

Question 6

(8. What is the most common nasal neoplasm in dogs, cat, and horses? What is the possible behavior of nasal carcinoma in dogs?)
1. What is the most common nasal neoplasm in dogs, cat, and horses?
2. What is the possible behavior of nasal carcinoma in dogs?

Answer 6

1. carcinomas and adenocarcinomas

nasal cavity and sinuses for dogs

nasal cavity and tip of nose for cats

nasal cavity and maxillary sinus for horses

2. usually invasive and destroy bone. Can invade cribriform plate and brain

metastasis is rare and only occurs late in clinical course

Question 7

(9. What is the guttural pouch of horses? What are two agents that often infect the guttural pouch and how can this disease cause epistaxis? Dyphagia (difficulty swallowing)?)
1. What is the guttural pouch of horses?
2. What are two agents that often infect the guttural pouch?
3. How can this disease cause epistaxis?

4.

Answer 7

1. guttural pouch = ventral diverticulum of auditory canal (Eustachian tube)
2. fungi (Aspergillus) and Streptococcus Equi
3. look at pic
4. look at pic

Question 8

(1. What is equine laryngeal hemiplegia? What is the lay term for this disease? What are the associated clinical signs, causes and gross lesions?)
1. What is equine laryngeal hemiplagia?
2. What is the lay term for this disease?

(What are the associated clinical signs, causes, and gross lesions)

3. usually atrophy of what?
4. What usually causes muscle atrophy?
5. usually idiopathic?
6. can be secondary to what?

Answer 8

1. incomplete dilation of larynx during inspiration of exercise
2. roaring
3. left dorsal and cricoarytenoid muscles that adduct and abduct the arytenoid cartilage
4. primary devervation of left recurrent laryngeal nerve
5. yep
6. inflammation or tumors of the guttural pouch or medial retropharyngeal lymph nodes (–> swelling causes secondary damage to laryngeal nerve)

Question 9

(2. List Three Lesions of the pharynx and larynx that can obstruct air movement)

1-3. do it

Answer 9

1. hypoplastic epiglottis
2. pharyngeal and subepiglottic cysts
3. lymphoid hyperplasia
4. pharyngeal/laryngeal edema