02 - Respiratory system (cont) Flashcards
(Defense Mechanisms of the Respiratory Tract)
(objective… maintain sterile lung without inducing inflammation) (largely innate)
1-4. What are four parts of this
- mucus (excalator)
- reflexes (sneezing, coughing)
- antibodies and innate defense proteins (defensins/collectins)
- alveolar macrophages
(Defense Mechanisms of the Respiratory tract)
(Second line of defense: if infection cannot be contained)
- Cytokines produced by macrophages and airway epithelium –> recruit what? leading to what?
- recruit neutrophils and more macrophages; INFLAMMATION
(The cost of Lung inflammation)
- decreased what?
- leukocyte-derived enzymes and oxygen radicals do what to lung tissue?
- Repair processes can permanently decrease lung compliance and thicken blood-gas barrier
- gas exchange (inflammatory exudates)
- injure destroy
(Sources of Injury to the Respiratory system)
![](https://s3.amazonaws.com/brainscape-prod/system/cm/048/913/975/q_image_thumb.jpg?1659440863)
(Conducting System Defense: Nasal, Trachea, Bronchi)
- deposition = particles are what?
- clearance = ?
- What are four means of physical clearance?
- trapped
- deposited particles are destoryed, neutralized or removed from mucosal surfaces
- cough, sneeze, mucociliary clearance, and phagocytosis
![](https://s3.amazonaws.com/brainscape-prod/system/cm/048/914/007/a_image_thumb.jpg?1659409636)
(Conducting System Defense: Nasal, Trachea, Bronchi)
(Mucociliary clearance/apparatus (mucociliary blanket): Unidirectional movement
- complex of what?
- mucus covers epithelium… collects what and absorbs what?
- what happens to mucus?
- Aeroxolized ammonia levels? what level can paralyze cilia
- water, glycoproteins, lipid and antibody
- collects particulates and abosorbs soluble gasses
- coughed up
- >20ppm
![](https://s3.amazonaws.com/brainscape-prod/system/cm/048/914/122/a_image_thumb.jpg?1659409636)
(Particle Removal)
- Mucociliary clearance
- Particle Removal mechanisms (name three types)
- inertial (turbulence), gravitational, diffusion (brownian motion)
(Where do particles go?)
- > 10 microns
- 2-10 microns
- 1-2 microns
- < 0.3 microns
![](https://s3.amazonaws.com/brainscape-prod/system/cm/048/914/335/a_image_thumb.jpg?1659409636)
just read
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(Air exchange system defense)
- do alveoli have cilia and mucus productin cells?
- Do they have mucociliary clearance?
- What are primary defense?
- bacteria destroyed by activated macrophages… except for what 5?
- no
- no
- macrophages (cell receptors: Ig, complement, TNF) (phagocytize opsonized particles)
- mycobactierum, listeria, brucella, salmonella, and rhodococcus
![](https://s3.amazonaws.com/brainscape-prod/system/cm/048/914/431/a_image_thumb.jpg?1659409636)
(Air exchange system defense)
(Local Alveolar Secretory Products)
just read…
![](https://s3.amazonaws.com/brainscape-prod/system/cm/048/914/756/q_image_thumb.jpg?1659440864)
(Blood Pathogens: How is Lung Protected?)
just read….
- in what animals are lungs primary site of removal?
![](https://s3.amazonaws.com/brainscape-prod/system/cm/048/915/018/q_image_thumb.jpg?1659440864)
- ruminants, cats, pigs, horses
read
![](https://s3.amazonaws.com/brainscape-prod/system/cm/048/915/104/q_image_thumb.jpg?1659440864)
![](https://s3.amazonaws.com/brainscape-prod/system/cm/048/915/155/q_image_thumb.jpg?1659440864)
B
![](https://s3.amazonaws.com/brainscape-prod/system/cm/048/915/603/q_image_thumb.jpg?1659440864)
A