03-01 - path of lung

Question 1

(1. List major causes of pulmonary atelectasis.)

Answer 1

1. congenital atelectasis (lungs appear as in fetus)

(acquired atelectasis = alveolar collapse)

2. compressive atelectasis

caused by space occupying lesions in pleural cavity or lungs

look at pic

3. obstructive atelectasis

caused by complete airway obstruction

(massive atelecatisis)

sequel to pneumothorax

Question 2

(List major causes of pulmonary edema. What is the physiological significance of edema?)

Answer 2

Question 3

3. Why is infarction of the Lung relatively uncommon?

Answer 3

lung perfused by many different arteris, hard to cut off all of them

Question 4

4. What is the cause of exercise-induced pulmonary hemorrhage in horses?
5. Can epistaxis occur?

Answer 4

4. marked elevation of pulmonary arterial and capillary pressures during streuous exercise
5. yes, in less than 2.5% of horses

Question 5

(6. What is the definition of interstitial pneumonia?)

Answer 5

damage to or inflammation of th alveolar septa and interlobular septa (interstitium) of lungs

Question 6

(7. What are examples of agents that cause interstitial pneumonia, embolic pneumonia and granulomatous pneumonia?)
1. interstitial pneumonia
2. embolic pneumonia
3. granulomatous pneumonia

Answer 6

1. infectious agents (viral infections), bacteria (salmonella), fungi, protozoa, toxins, hypersensitivty reactions
2. sepsis - septic emboli lodging in pulmonary vessels
3. fungal organisms (blastomyces dermatitidis), some bacteria (mycobacterium sp), abberrant parasites (ascarid larva), foreign bodies

Question 7

(8. What are four categories used to describe the morphology of a lung lesion)

1-4. what are they?

Answer 7

1. duration (acute, subacute, chronic)
2. distribution (focal or multifocal, locally extensive, diffuse)
3. degree of severity (mild, moderate, severe)
4. exudate (suppurative, fibrinous, necrotizing, hemorrhagic)

Question 8

(9. Why does bronchopneumonia of cattle and swine resolve more slowly than that of other domestic animals?)
1. why?

Answer 8

1. cow has complete lobular septation and lack of collateral ventilation that impair resolution

Question 9

(10.A calf has bronchopneumonia. In terms of pathogenesis list at least three possible resolutions or outcomes of the bronchopneumonia)

Answer 9

• Death from toxemia
  - Damaged alveolar septa and blood vessels –> (scars over) Fibrosis, Bronchiectasis, Abcesses, Sequestrum
  - Minimal damage to alveolar septa and blood vessels –> Return to normal is 3-4 wks

Question 10

(11. What is the pathophysiological significance of bronchopneumonia?)

5 reasons

Answer 10

Question 11

(12. What is a lung sequestrum? How long do these lesions persist in the lung?)
1. answer these

Answer 11

Question 12

(13. List Common Causes of Aspiration of Pneumonia)
1. do it

Answer 12

1. aspiration of foriegn material, often liquid, reaching lungs through the airways

lung response depends on 1) chemical nature of the aspirated material (is it caustic?), 2) the bacteria carried with it 3) distribution in lungs