04 - Developmental Abnormalities (cont) Flashcards
(Fungal (mycotic) Rhinitis
- caused by what?
- inhaled fungal spores lodge where?
- chronic necrotizing to granulomatous rhinitis in dogs; destruction of what?
- aspergillus fumigatus and penicillium sp.
- in nasal cavity
- turbinate bone
(Nasal Parasitism)
- ? = canine naasal mite
- pneumonyssoides

? = nasal bot of sheep and goats
oestrus ovis

- polyp caused by some sort of chronic inflammation in eustachian tube
- any animals can develop paranasal cyst - cause is uncertain - WHAT is biggest effect of this

- poor passage of air
(Neoplasia: Nasal Cavity, Paranasal Sinuses)
(clinical signs)
- possible unilateral nasal discharge
- usually what turbinates?
- bone lysis, soft tissue swelling on radiographs
- metastasis is common or rare?
(Tumore types)
- carcinoma and sarcoma locally invasive… destroy what? can invade what?
- what are the most common? less common?

- caudal turbinates
- rare
- carcinoma and sarcoma
- bone and soft tissues… cribriform plate
- carcinoma and adenocarcinoma; sarcoma

(Endemic Ethmoidal Tumors of Sheep, Goats, and Cattle)
- Likely arise from what?
- what kind?
- What is the cause?
- glands of the nasal cavity
- carcinoma/adenocarcinoma
- oncogenic retrovirus

D

C
black means melanoma
red means hemangiosarcoma
(Guttural Pouch Disease)
Ventral diverticulum of Eustachian tube –> ?
- guttural pouch tympany - air
- mycosis from moldy hair - form what spp?
- empyema (collection of pus within a naturally existing anatomical cavity) - from what?
(Severe complications of 2 and 3)
1-3. 3 of them… name them
poor drainage
- aspergillus spp.
- streptococcus equi
- rupture of in. carotid artery
- invasion of local cranial nerves –> neurological deficits (6,9,10,11,12)
- thromboembolism (blocking of vessel by particle that has broken away)

(Pathology of Pharynx and Larynx)
1-2. Disease can cause… what two things
- disruption of air conduction
- laryngeal dysfuction (excessive breathing noise, choking/dysphagia, aspiration pneumonia, voice change)
(then read thing)
(the arytenooid epilgootic fold covers epiglottis)

(Pharyngeal Lymphoid Hyperplasia)
- What kind of horse?
- what age?
- what is the effect of obstruction
- what in the dorsal pharyngeal wall?
- idiopathic or secondary to bacterial pharyngitis
- thoroughbred race horse
- < 5 years, mean 2 years
- exercise intolerance
- white polypoid projections

(Laryngeal Hemiplegia = Roaring)
- inspiratory noise and exercise intolerance in large horses
- degeneration of what nerve?
- leads to atrophy of what?
- idiopathic?

- left recurrent laryngeal nerve (has longer axons, loss of myelinated fibers)
- the left cricoarytenoid muscle (main abductor of the laryngeal fold/vocal cord)
- often

(Developmental Defect: Trachea)

(developmental defect: tracheal collapse)
- in what breeds?
- focal hypocellularity of cartilage and replacement by what?
- toy and miniature breeds
- fibrous tissue

(Development defect: trachea)
(Tracheal collapse)
- Inspiratory dyspnea: collapse of what?
- increased or decreased negative pressure in thoracic cavity? what happens to lungs?
- extrathoracic trachea
- increased; expand

(Developmental defect: trachea)
(tracheal collapse)
- expiratory dyspnea: collapse of what?
- decreased or increased negative pressure in thoracic cavity?
- relative collapse of what?
- air rushing out increases pressure of extrathoracic parts which does what?
- intrathoracic trachea
- decreased
- alveoli (surfactant important)
- tends to open them up

(Tracheal inflammation)
- Tracheitis… often caused by what?
- toxic fumes cause what?
- virus
- necrosis of epithelium

(Tracheal neoplasms)
- how common?
- occasional osteochondroma, osteosarcoma, leiomyoma
- rare
read

(tracheal parasitism)
- what affect trachea and bronchi (nodules in the mucosa)
- found in what?
What is the name of the tracheal mite of passerines, eg.. finches, canaries

What is scientific name for gapeworm?


continue to next slide



C

B

D

(consquences) …
1. resistance?
2. alveolar ventilaition?
3. –> ?

- increase
- decrease
- exercise intolerance
DO NOT MEMORIZE CHART - JUST L OEKA T IT
