Bonding

Question 1

Pure Covalent Electronegativity Values

Answer 1

0 - <0.3

Question 2

Polar Covalent Values

Answer 2

0.3 - <2

Question 3

Ionic Values

Answer 3

2+

Question 4

Octet Rule

Answer 4

Atoms (barring H) tend to form bonds until it has 8 electrons in it’s outer shell. Atoms are more stable with full/empty outer shells

Question 5

Ionic Bond

Answer 5

Atoms lose/gain electrons. Atoms held together by electrostatic force

Question 6

Covalent Bond

Answer 6

Atoms share electrons. Neither is electronegative enough to fully take

Question 7

Electronegativity

Answer 7

The ability of an atom to attract electrons towards itself in a chemical bond

Question 9

Ionic Character

Answer 9

The greater electronegativity diff. between atoms the greater ionic character

Question 10

Ionic Compound Characteristics

Answer 10

Usually between metals and non. Lattice structures held between electroststic interactions. High melting points. Soluble in water

Question 11

Electrolyte Def.

Answer 11

Substance that dissolves in water to produce solution that can conduct electricity (particles are charged and seperated)

Question 12

Difference between weak and strong electrolytes

Answer 12

Weak electrolytes separate partially. Strong electrolytes separate fully

Question 13

Ions hydrated in aqueos solution

Answer 13

ions separated by water molecules is specific manner (depending on charge on ion attracts opposite charge on water molecules)

Question 14

Electrolyte Roles in Body

Answer 14

Regulation

Question 15

Water Molecules Charge

Answer 15

Due to dipole movement there are areas of positive (H) and negative (O)

Question 16

Electrolytes in Cell

Answer 16

K+, Mg^2+, proteins, SO4^2-

Question 17

Electrolytes in Blood

Answer 17

Na+, K+ and Cl-

Question 18

Electrolyte Interstitial Fluid

Answer 18

Na+, K+ and Ca^2+

Question 19

Equivalent Def.

Answer 19

An amount of a substance that will react with Avogadro’s no. of electrical Charges

Question 20

-emia def.

Answer 20

In blood

Question 21

hypo- def.

Answer 21

Low concentration

Question 22

hyper- def.

Answer 22

High concentration

Question 23

natr- def.

Answer 23

Condition relating to sodium

Question 24

kal- def.

Answer 24

Potassium

Question 25

How nerve cells produce electrical signal

Answer 25

passing of (sometimes) Na+ and (always) K+ ions through channels in their cell membrane

Question 26

Diet low in K+ ions consequences

Answer 26

hypokalemia - can result in cardiac arrest

Question 27

Diet too-high in K+ (KCl) consequences

Answer 27

Concentration of K+ ions outside of cell is too high to let K+ ions leave cells through channels. Thus electrical impulses stop bring fired. Causes symptoms from diarrhea, convulsions, kidney failure and heart attack