Bonding Flashcards
Pure Covalent Electronegativity Values
0 - <0.3
Polar Covalent Values
0.3 - <2
Ionic Values
2+
Octet Rule
Atoms (barring H) tend to form bonds until it has 8 electrons in it’s outer shell. Atoms are more stable with full/empty outer shells
Ionic Bond
Atoms lose/gain electrons. Atoms held together by electrostatic force
Covalent Bond
Atoms share electrons. Neither is electronegative enough to fully take
Electronegativity
The ability of an atom to attract electrons towards itself in a chemical bond
Ionic Character
The greater electronegativity diff. between atoms the greater ionic character
Ionic Compound Characteristics
Usually between metals and non. Lattice structures held between electroststic interactions. High melting points. Soluble in water
Electrolyte Def.
Substance that dissolves in water to produce solution that can conduct electricity (particles are charged and seperated)
Difference between weak and strong electrolytes
Weak electrolytes separate partially. Strong electrolytes separate fully
Ions hydrated in aqueos solution
ions separated by water molecules is specific manner (depending on charge on ion attracts opposite charge on water molecules)
Electrolyte Roles in Body
Regulation
Water Molecules Charge
Due to dipole movement there are areas of positive (H) and negative (O)
Electrolytes in Cell
K+, Mg^2+, proteins, SO4^2-
Electrolytes in Blood
Na+, K+ and Cl-
Electrolyte Interstitial Fluid
Na+, K+ and Ca^2+
Equivalent Def.
An amount of a substance that will react with Avogadro’s no. of electrical Charges
-emia def.
In blood
hypo- def.
Low concentration
hyper- def.
High concentration
natr- def.
Condition relating to sodium
kal- def.
Potassium
How nerve cells produce electrical signal
passing of (sometimes) Na+ and (always) K+ ions through channels in their cell membrane
Diet low in K+ ions consequences
hypokalemia - can result in cardiac arrest
Diet too-high in K+ (KCl) consequences
Concentration of K+ ions outside of cell is too high to let K+ ions leave cells through channels. Thus electrical impulses stop bring fired. Causes symptoms from diarrhea, convulsions, kidney failure and heart attack
