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Fun.Chem. > Alkynes > Flashcards

Alkynes Flashcards

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1
Q

Alkyne Def

A

Unsaturated C triple bonds. Some similar properties to alkenes (eg electrophilic aditions). Linear geometry, bond angles at 180 degrees

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2
Q

Alkyne nomenclature

A

1st C with triple bond should be lowest number (opposite to alkene and alkane)

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3
Q

Enyne Def

A

Carbon chain with 1 double bond and 1 triple bond

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4
Q

Enyne nomenclature

A

the 1st C with a multiple bond should be lowest (opposite alkyne)

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5
Q

Terminal Alkynes

A

C with triple bond is at end of C chain

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6
Q

Internal Alkyne

A

C with triple bond is in the middle of chain

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7
Q

Triple Bond Outline

A

Shortest but strongest C to C chain. Consists of 1 sigma and 2 pi bonds

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8
Q

Normal Catalysts for hydrogenation (addition reactions)

A

Ni, Pd or Pt

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9
Q

Hydrogenation effects on alkynes (normal catalysts)

A

Alkynes, alkenes and alkanes

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10
Q

What substances are unreactive (unuseful)

A

Alkynes and alkanes

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11
Q

Lindlar’s catalyst Substance

A

Palladium metal precipitated onto Ca carbonate support deactivated by acetate and quinoline

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12
Q

Lindlar’s Catalyst Functions

A

Only allows alkynes to be hydrogenated to alkenes in cis configuration (substituents added on same side of bond)

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13
Q

Markinov Outline

A

the H attaches to the atom with the most H already attached. In alkynes both Hs are attached to the same c and both halogens are attached to the same C

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14
Q

Formation of trans isomers

A

Addition without Lindlr catalysts. Bromine is a big atom and it’s charge (electrons in pi bonds) repels other so other atom attaches on opposite side

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15
Q

Which is more thermodynamically stable trans or cis configuration

A

trans

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16
Q

What type of substances are terminal alkynes

A

Weak acid. Adding a strong base makes it donate a proton forming a conjugatde base. Accepts positive atom of other molecule being added and proton is accepted by remaining negative atom

17
Q

How do you determine if a reaction is not addition

A

If more then 1 molecule at the end of the reaction

18
Q

How are covalent bonds determined

A

Dipoles

19
Q

Hydrogen Bonds

A

Non-ionic, interactions between H atom and highly electronegative atoms (F,O,N)

20
Q

H bonding in water and molecules

A

Forces cause an increase in melting and boiling points

Fun.Chem. (19 decks)

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