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ABIM IM Recert > Board Vitals Dermatology > Flashcards

Board Vitals Dermatology Flashcards

1
Q

Patient presents with recurrent epistaxis, and telangiectasia on the face, hands and oral cavity, visceral arteriovenous malformations and positive family history.

Diagnosis?

A

Hereditary hemorrhagic telangiectasia or Osler-Weber-Rendu disease

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2
Q

How is hereditary hemorrhagic telangiectasia or Osler-Weber-Rendu disease inherited?

A

Autosomal dominant

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3
Q

Young patient with telangiectasias and progressive issues with balance and co-ordination that start in childhood.

Diagnosis?

A

Ataxia-telangiectasia

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4
Q

How is ataxia-telangiectasia inherited?

A

Autosomal recessive

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5
Q

What is the most important factor determining prognosis of a patient with a melanoma?

A

Depth of the mole

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6
Q

What age group and sex does bullous pemphigoid affect?

A

Elderly men

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7
Q

What is the difference between bullous pemphigoid and pemphigus vulgaris?

A

Bullous pemphigoid - tense bullae that do not involve mucosa
Pemphigus vulgaris - flaccid bullae that frequently involve mucosa

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8
Q

What antibodies are found in bullous pemphigoid?

A

Antibodies against hemidesmosome proteins

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9
Q

What antibodies are found in pemphigus vulgaris?

A

Antibodies against desmosome proteins

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10
Q

How many types of heparin induced thrombocytopenia are they?

A

2 (HIT-1 & HIT-2)

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11
Q

What is heparin-induced thrombocytopenia type 1?

A

Transient fall in platelets within 1 - 2 days of starting heparin, which is not clinically significant.

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12
Q

What is heparin-induced thrombocytopenia type 2?

A

Heparin induced thrombocytopenia along with thrombosis (HIT + thrombosis = HITT). This is clinically significant.

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13
Q

What causes heparin-induced thrombocytopenia type 2 (HIT-2)?

A

Formation of IgG antibodies against endogenous platelet factor 4 (PF4) in complex with heparin

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14
Q

How long after onset of heparin therapy does HIT-2 occur?

A

5 - 10 days (unless immune system primed from previous exposure)

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15
Q

By what percentage do the platelets usually fall in HIT-2?

A

More than 50%

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16
Q

What is the treatment of allergic contact dermatitis?

A

Steroids

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17
Q

When are oral steroids used instead of topical steroids in case of allergic contact dermatitis?

A
  • More than 20% body area involved.
  • Face, neck, hands or groin involved.
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18
Q

What chronic autoimmune blistering condition is associated with celiac disease?

A

Dermatitis herpetiformis

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19
Q

What percentage of celiac disease patients have dermatitis herpetiformis?

A

More than 90%

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20
Q

Is dermatitis herpetiformis more common in men or women?

A

Men

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21
Q

Is dermatitis herpetiformis autoimmune?

A

Yes

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22
Q

What medication can treat dermatitis herpetiformis?

A

Dapsone

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23
Q

What needs to be done before initiating dapsone for dermatitis herpetiformis?

A

Screen for glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase deficiency

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24
Q

How long does it take for dapsone to lead to clearance of lesions from dermatitis herpetiformis?

A

24 - 48 hours

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25
Q

Are patients with dermatitis herpetiformis at increased risk of enteropathy-associated lymphoma?

A

Yes

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26
Q

Does dapsone treatment for dermatitis herpetiformis decrease the risk of enteropathy-associated lymphoma?

A

No

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27
Q

Patient has a well-circumscribed, brown macule, with a ‘moth-eaten’ border and uniform pigmentation in sun-exposed area.

Diagnosis?

A

Solar lentigo

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28
Q

Patient has an asymmetric, brown macule, with variegated pigmentation in sun-exposed area.

Diagnosis?

A

Lentigo maligna

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29
Q

What is another name for acrochordons?

A

Skin tags or cutaneous papilloma

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30
Q

Skin lesion that is:

A pearly, flesh-colored and telangiectatic vessel with a rolled border.

Diagnosis?

A

Basal cell carcinoma

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31
Q

Skin lesion that is:

Erythematous, hyperkeratotic papules that may ulcerate.

Diagnosis?

A

Squamous cell carcinoma

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32
Q

Skin lesion that is:

Broader based, pedunculated lesion.

Diagnosis?

A

Neurofibroma

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33
Q

Skin lesion that is:

Slightly elevated papules and plaques, with broad base, and are not pedunculated.

Diagnosis?

A

Seborrheic keratosis

34
Q

Which is darker - melanoma or seborrheic keratosis?

A

Melanoma

35
Q

What skin condition is associated with ulcerative colitis?

A

Pyoderma gangrenosum

36
Q

Should you do surgical therapy for pyoderma gangrenosum?

A

No

37
Q

Patient with symmetrical, pruritic rash that erupted 1 - 2 weeks after dermatitis.

Diagnosis?

A

Autoeczematization reaction (also called Id or dermatophytid reaction)

38
Q

Patient presents with monomorphic papules without comedones in a patient taking glucocorticoids.

Diagnosis?

A

Steroid-induced acne

39
Q

Which has a malar rash on the face…

Acute cutaneous lupus or subacute cutaneous lupus?

A

Acute cutaneous lupus

40
Q

Which lupus causes scarred, scaly plaques that may be hyperpigmented at the periphery?

A

Discoid lupus

41
Q

Patient has scaly pink plaques with raised annular margins, on sun exposed areas - most are 0.5 to 2 cm and some are confluent.

Diagnosis?

A

Subacute cutaneous lupus

42
Q

For squamous cell carcinoma should you do a shave biopsy or a deep punch biopsy?

A

Deep punch biopsy

43
Q

What enzyme is deficient in porphyria cutanea tarda?

A

Uroporphyrinogen decarboxylase

44
Q

Why does tinea versicolor lead to hypopigmented lesions?

A

Azelaic acid-mediated melanocyte suppression

45
Q

Biopsy of skin lesion shows S-100 producing cells proliferation.

Diagnosis?

A

Melanoma

46
Q

Biopsy of skin lesion shows peripheral palisading cells with retraction artifact and mucin.

Diagnosis?

A

Basal cell carcinoma

47
Q

Biopsy of skin lesion shows pauci-septate broad, ribbonlike hyphae.

Diagnosis?

A

Mucormycosis

48
Q

Biopsy of skin lesion shows inflammation of the pilosebaceous unit.

Diagnosis?

A

Acne vulgaris

49
Q

A non-healing pressure ulcer develops exophytic granulation tissue with regional lymphadenopathy.

Diagnosis?

A

Marjolin ulcer

50
Q

What is the next best step when a patient may have a Marjolin ulcer?

A

Biopsy

51
Q

What is the difference between actinic keratosis and squamous cell carcinoma?

A

Actinic keratosis does not have invasion into the dermis, whereas squamous cell carcinoma is ulcerated and invasive.

52
Q

Pink, dome-shaped papule or papule with raised or rolled border in sun exposed area; slowly growing.

Diagnosis?

A

Basal cell carcinoma

53
Q

Which exanthema starts as a herald patch?

A

Pityriasis rosea

54
Q

What is the treatment of pityriasis rosea?

A

Moisturizer and calamine lotion

55
Q

Pleural biopsy histopathology shows sheets of pleomorphic cells, epithelial in appearance with eosinophilic cytoplasm and fairly well-defined cell borders.

Diagnosis?

A

Malignant mesothelioma

56
Q

Pleural biopsy histopathology shows golden brown fusiform rods with translucent centers.

Diagnosis?

A

Asbestosis

57
Q

Pleural biopsy histopathology shows concentrically arranged hyalinized collagen fibers surrounding an amorphous center.

Diagnosis?

A

Silicosis

58
Q

Historypathology (of pleural biopsy) shows invasive glandular cells with abundant mucin.

Diagnosis?

A

Adenocarcinoma of lung

59
Q

Histopathology (of pleural biopsy) shows caseating granuloma with epithelioid histiocytes and multinucleated giant cells.

Diagnosis?

A

Tuberculosis

60
Q

Patient presents with pruritic, erythematous, coin-shaped lesions of the extremities.

Diagnosis?

A

Nummular eczema

61
Q

What is the treatment of contact dermatitis?

A

Steroids

62
Q

Patient presents with rash outbreaks that come and go and are worsened with emotional stress, heat and sun exposure. The physical exam reveals telangiectasia on her bilateral eyelids and an erythematous rash with papules over the nose and cheeks, including the nasolabial folds.

Diagnosis?

A

Acne rosacea

63
Q

What are first line topical treatments for acne rosacea?

A

Topical metronidazole
Topical sulfacetamide

64
Q

What is the difference between cutaneous lupus erythematosus and systemic lupus erythematosus?

A

Cutaneous lupus erythematosus does not involve any other organs (just skin involvement)

65
Q

What is the diagnosis if a patient presents with a photosensitive malar rash sparing the nasolabial folds and joint pain?

A

Systemic lupus erythematosus

66
Q

What is the diagnosis if a patient presents with a photosensitive malar rash, joint pain and proximal muscle weakness?

A

Dermatomyositis

67
Q

Woman presents with persistent redness on her cheeks with prominent telangiectasias.

Diagnosis?

A

Rosacea

68
Q

Ocular rosacea may cause a gritty sensation in the eyes blepharitis and conjunctivitis.

True or false?

A

True

69
Q

What is the first line therapy for mild non-inflammatory acne?

A

Topical retinoids

70
Q

What is the second line therapy for mild non-inflammatory acne?

A

Topical benzoyl peroxide along with an antibiotic

71
Q

Should oral contraceptives be used in mild acne or moderate to severe acne?

A

Moderate to severe acne

72
Q

An elderly male presents with flat-topped, purple, polygonal, pruritic papules on his anterior wrists. Fine, lace-like white lines on buccal mucosa.

Diagnosis?

A

Lichen planus

73
Q

Are venous or arterial ulcers typically located at the malleoli?

A

Venous ulcers

74
Q

What is the best treatment for venous ulcers?

A
  • Leg elevation
  • Compression therapy
75
Q

What are patients with oculocutaneous albinism at risk for?

A

Skin cancer - especially squamous cell carcinoma

76
Q

What is the treatment of dermatomyositis?

A

Prednisone with methotrexate or azathioprine

77
Q

When should you use azathioprine instead of methotrexate in dermatomyositis?

A

Patients with interstitial lung disease, underlying liver disease or those unwilling to abstain from alcohol.

78
Q

What can distinguish between pityriasis rosea and dermatophyte infection?

A

KOH preparation of skin scrapings

79
Q

Anti-nuclear antibodies are usually positive in lupus.

True or false?

A

True

80
Q

What is the treatment of aphthous ulcers?

A

Chlorhexidine rinse and topical steroids

81
Q

Are aphthous ulcers associated with inflammatory bowel disease, celiac disease, Behcet’s disease and HIV?

A

Yes

82
Q

What infections can be diagnosed by segmented hyphae on KOH preparation?

A

Dermatophyte infections (Tinea pedis)

ABIM IM Recert (42 decks)

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