BN Ch.75 Skin Disorders

Question 1

Urticaria is characterized by the sudden appearance of edematous, raised pink areas, called __________ that itch and burn.

Answer 1

Wheals

Question 2

Nail loosening at the beginning of the fingertips is called __________.

Answer 2

Onycholysis

Question 3

__________ are small, brown papules caused by the human papillomavirus (HPV).

Answer 3

Warts

Question 4

In __________ dermatitis, there is scaling,
primarily of the scalp and often associated
with itching.

Answer 4

seborrheic

Question 5

Mafenide acetate is associated with burning after application and also with development of metabolic __________.

Answer 5

Acidosis

Question 6

What changes in a mole or wart warrants notification of a healthcare provider?

Question 7

A condition characterized by depigmented areas of the safe

Answer 7

Vitiligo

Question 8

Vascular skin tumor that involves the underlying tissues and blood vessels

Answer 8

Angioma

Question 9

A firm red, tender nodule also called a boil.

Answer 9

Furuncle

Question 10

A chronic, non contagious, proliferation, skin disorder characterized by red papules covered with silvery , yellow white scales.

Answer 10

Psoriasis

Question 11

Write the correct sequence that is undertaken during management of a burn injury.

1. Wound dressing
2. Physical therapy
3. Vital signs assessment
4. Pain management

Answer 11

3. Vital signs assessment
4. Pain management
5. Wound dressing
6. Physical therapy

Question 12

What is the purpose of Tzanck smear? How is it performed?

Answer 12

Tzanck smear is used for the examination of cells and fluids from vesicles found in herpes zoster and varicella.

Multinucleated giant cells are diagnostic for herpesvirus or varicella.

Tissue scraped from the base of the vesicle/blister is applied to a glass slide, and a specific stain is applied.

The smear is then viewed under a microscope.

Question 13

List some of the systemic disorders that cause pruritus.

Answer 13

Systemic disorders that cause pruritus include liver disease, cancer, iron deficiency, diabetes mellitus, and thyroid disturbance.

Question 14

What precautions need to be undertaken when caring for clients with skin problems?

Answer 14

• The nurse should follow Standard Precautions and appropriate transmission-based precautions when caring for clients with skin problems.
• Such clients often have open, draining, or weeping wounds.
• The nurse should wear gloves whenever there is possible contact with any body fluids or drainage and should wear eye goggles and a gown if any possibility of splashing exists.

Question 15

What is the purpose of applying moist packs?

Answer 15

• Application of moist packs helps to reduce swelling and weeping in acute dermatitis.
• It softens and helps in removing exudates and crusts, to relieve pruritus and discomfort.

Question 16

A nurse’s role in the management of a burn
injury during the resuscitative phase involves monitoring vital signs and noting any changes, monitoring the client’s respiratory status, and measuring pulse oximetry, blood gases, and pH frequently.

The nurse also assesses for infection
and helps in pain management.

1. A client has been brought to the emergency department with third-degree burns after an accidental oil spillage.

a. What are the three phases of burn injury
management?

Answer 16

The three phases of burn injury management are:

The resuscitative phase, which is management during the initial hours after a burn injury.

The acute phase, which occurs several hours to days after a burn injury and is concerned with wound healing.

The rehabilitative phase, which focuses on the maximization of physical repair and psychological restoration of the individual.

Question 17

What are the standard precautionary measures taken when caring for a client with burns?

Answer 17

When working with a client with burns, the standard precautionary measures include frequent handwashing, wearing sterile gloves, using aseptic technique when preparing the room and handling supplies, and placing the client on sterile sheets if the burn is severe.

Question 18

What precautionary measures should a
nurse take when caring for a client with
extensive burns?

Answer 18

The nurse should ensure that no ointments or salves are applied over an extensive burn, because removing them will cause further discomfort, and their presence makes determination of the extent of the burn difficult. Furthermore, salves may lead to the introduction of pathogens into the wound. The nurse should offer the client a PRN pain or anxiolytic (antianxiety) medication approximately 30 minutes before any painful procedure, such as debridement. The nurse must use aseptic technique when changing dressings.

Existing dressings should be premoistened with warmed, sterile, normal saline if ordered. The nurse should document the procedure and observations when removing packs. Used dressings should be disposed of correctly according to the facility’s protocol.

Question 19

A nurse, when assessing a client with burns, notices singed nasal hairs and soot-stained sputum.

a. What do singed nasal hairs and soot stained sputum indicate?

Answer 19

Singed nasal hairs and soot-stained sputum are indicative of smoke inhalation.

Question 20

What assessments should a nurse perform
in this case?

Answer 20

The nurse should frequently assess the client’s respiratory status, which includes rate and depth of respirations, and measure pulse oximetry, blood gases, and pH to determine the general body status. Serum carbon monoxide should also be monitored, as ordered.