BN Ch.28 The Male Reproductive System

Question 1

Surgical removal of the foreskin on the penis is called __________.

Answer 1

Circumcision

Question 2

During puberty, the __________
gland stimulates the secretion of both interstitial cell- stimulating hormone (ICSH) and follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH).

Answer 2

hypothalamus

Question 3

The formation of mature and functional
spermatozoa is called __________.

Answer 3

spermatogenesis

Question 4

The tip of the head of the sperm cell, called _________ the contains enzymes that can dissolve the tough cell wall of the ovum.

Answer 4

acrosome

Question 5

Sperm can live for a maximum of __________ days after ejaculation.

Answer 5

3

Question 6

The process of __________ called andropause in men is sometimes.

Answer 6

Aging

Question 7

__________ is the forceful expulsion of semen from the ejaculatory ducts through the urethra.

Answer 7

Ejaculation

Question 8

Produces spermatozoa and secrete sex hormones

Answer 8

Testes

Question 9

Location of final stages of maturation of sperm cells

Answer 9

Epididymis

Question 10

Produce semen, the fluid medium for sperm

Answer 10

Seminal Vesicles

Question 11

Transports sperm from the epididymis to the ejaculatory duct

Answer 11

Ductus Deferens

Question 12

Write the correct sequence of the stages of the male sex act in the boxes provided below.

1. Ejaculation
2. Erection
3. Emission
4. Secretion

Answer 12

2. Erection
3. Secretion
4. Emission
5. Ejaculation

Question 13

Which are the three organs that produce
hormones to influence the male reproductive system?

Answer 13

Hormones from the hypothalamus, the pituitary gland, and the gonads influence the male reproductive system.

Question 14

What are the functions of the scrotum?

Answer 14

The scrotum supports and protects the testes. It ensures that the temperature of the testes (35°C or 95°F) is lower than internal body temperature, to facilitate sperm production.

Question 15

Why is seminal fluid alkaline?

Answer 15

A woman’s vagina is acidic because of its normal flora. The alkaline environment of seminal fluid helps to neutralize the acidic vaginal pH and to maintain sperm motility.

Question 16

What is the effect of age on sperm
production?

Answer 16

The rate of sperm production decreases due to fall in testosterone levels during the aging process.

Question 17

Where is the epididymis located?

Answer 17

The epididymis is attached to the posterior surface of the testis.

Question 18

What is the process by which spermatogonia develop into spermatozoa?

Answer 18

• Spermatogonia, the stem cells of sperm cell development, divide by mitosis and then meiosis to form spermatocytes.
• The next form is called spermatids, which undergo further divisions to eventually develop into spermatozoa.

Question 19

To be able to effectively administer care for
clients with disorders of the male reproductive tract, a nurse needs to understand the functions performed by the various organs of the male reproductive tract.

1. A 34-year-old male client who has four
   children is eager to learn more about the
   vasectomy procedure because they and their wife do not want to have any more
   children.

a. What is a vasectomy?

Answer 19

• Vasectomy is a surgical procedure that results in sterilization of the male.
• In vasectomy, the two vas deferens or ductus deferentia are ligated (tied) and cut.
• This procedure ensures that the sperm does not reach the ejaculatory ducts.
• This operation does not affect erection or ejaculation.

Question 20

What is the role of the ductal system in
the male reproductive process?

Answer 20

• The nurse should explain the following to the client to describe the role of the ductal system during the reproductive system:
  
  • The epididymis is a long, comma shaped organ attached to the posterior surface of the testis.
• It is a tightly coiled tube, approximately 20 ft (6 m) long.
• The epididymis is the location of the final stages of maturation of the sperm.
• The ductus deferens is also called vas deferens.
• It is an 18-in (45-cm) long tube that transports sperm from the epididymis to the ejaculatory duct.
• It passes through the inguinal canal, the abdominal cavity, the posterior surface of the urinary bladder, and the pelvic cavity.
• It is the ductus deferens that is operated upon during vasectomy.
• The ejaculatory ducts are about 1 in (2 cm) long.
• They originate where the ampulla of the ductus deferens joins the duct from the seminal vesicle.
• The ejaculatory ducts empty into the urethra.
• They also receive secretions from the prostate gland.

Question 21

A nurse is conducting a session on sex education in a high school and explaining the role of the sexual organs in the reproductive process.

What are the characteristics and functions of the penis, scrotum, and testes that the students should be informed about?

Answer 21

• The nurse should inform the students about the following characteristics and functions of the penis, the scrotum, and the testes:
• The penis is a cylindrical organ.
• It is composed of three masses of cavernous (erectile) tissue, each of which contains smooth muscle, connective tissue, and blood sinuses (large vascular chan- nels).
• At the time of sexual excitement, blood fills the sinuses and the penis becomes firm and erect.
• The firm penis is called an erection.
• The erect penis is capable of penetrating the vagina to deposit sperm.
• Apart from the time during sexual excitement, the penis remains soft and flaccid.
• The smooth cap of the penis is called the glans penis and is covered by a fold of loose skin that forms the hood-like foreskin (prepuce).
• Surgical removal of foreskin is called circumcision.
• The urethra within the penis serves as a common passageway for both the urinary and the reproductive systems.
• Urine and ejaculatory fluid do not pass through the urethra simultaneously because of an involuntary sphincter located at the base of the bladder.
• Testes are almond-shaped glands, one on each side of the scrotum.
• The testes produce spermatozoa (sperm cells) and secrete sex hormones.
• Tissue layers cover each testis.
• The layers partition the testis into 250 to 300 wedge-shaped lobules.
• Each lobule contains seminiferous tubules, which are the functional unit of the testes.
• Between the tubules are small clusters of specialized endocrine cells, called interstitial cells.
• They secrete testosterone and other androgens and produce sperm.
• The scrotum is a sac-like structure that contains the testes.
• It is suspended behind the base of the penis.
• The scrotum supports and protects the testes.
• The external appearance of the scrotum varies, depending on environmental conditions and the contraction of its attached muscles.
• The muscles involuntarily contract and bring the testicles closer to the body as external temperature lowers.
• The temperature of the testes (35°C or 95°F) is lower than internal body temperature to facilitate sperm production.

Question 22

A mother of a 17-year-old boy informs the
nurse that their son is experiencing delayed puberty. They want to know about the normal age of puberty in boys and the biological causes that trigger puberty.

a. What is the normal age of puberty in
boys?

Answer 22

In boys, puberty occurs around 12 to 16 years of age, although variations exist.

Question 23

What are the major hormones that precipitate changes during puberty, and what effects do they have?

Answer 23

During puberty the following hormones are secreted:

• Interstitial cell–stimulating hormone (ICHS)
  
  • which stimulates production of testosterone
• Follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH)
  
  • Which stimulates formation of sperm.

Question 24

What are the secondary sexual characteristics displayed by boys during puberty?

Answer 24

Secondary sexual characteristics that appear in pubescent boys are:

• Development of a beard
• Pubic and axillary hair
• Increase in hair growth all over the body
• Development of musculature
• Broadening of the shoulders
• Deepening of the voice