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ANAT 3001 > Blood Vessels (For Exam 3) > Flashcards

Blood Vessels (For Exam 3) Flashcards

1
Q

Blood vessels consist of…

A

arteries, veins, and capillaries

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2
Q

Arteries carry blood…

A

from the heart (regardless of whether it is oxygenated or deoxygenated)

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3
Q

Veins carry blood…

A

toward the heart

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4
Q

The exchange of gases (oxygen and carbon dioxide), nutrients, and waste products take place at the…

A

capillaries

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5
Q

How many layers are there in the arteries and veins?

A

3

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6
Q

Tunica Intima

A
  • innermost layer of a blood vessel

- composed of endothelium (simple squamous epithelium and a thin layer of connective tissue)

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7
Q

Tunica Media

A
  • middle layer of a blood vessel

- consists of circular layers of smooth muscle

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8
Q

Tunica Externa (Adventitia)

A
  • outermost layer of a blood vessel
  • composed of connective tissue for anchoring blood vessels to other structures
  • has vaso vasorum, which gives blood to large blood vessels
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9
Q

Elastic (Conducting) Arteries

A
  • largest of the arteries
  • have large amount of elastic fibers throughout all 3 tunics (especially the media)
  • elastic fibers allow the arteries to stretch when blood is pumped through and recoil
  • branch into muscular arteries
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10
Q

Muscular Arteries

A
  • medium-sized arteries that distribute blood to organs and tissues
  • elastic fibers are distributed in two layers (internal and external laminae)
  • less elastic tissue makes them less extensible, but allows for vasoconstriction and vasodilation
  • muscular arteries branch into arterioles
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11
Q

Arterioles

A
  • smallest of arteries
  • larger arterioles have all 3 tunics but the smallest arterioles have endothelium surrounded by a single layer of smooth muscle
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12
Q

Vasoconstriction ________ blood flow into arterioles

A

reduces

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13
Q

Vasodilation ________ blood flow into arterioles

A

increases

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14
Q

Capillaries

A
  • smallest blood vessel
  • located between arterioles and venules
  • composed of tunica intima (endothelium and a basement membrane), some smooth muscle cells surrounding
  • allow for diffusion of gases and nutrients
  • capillary bed is fed by a metarteriole and drained by a thoroughfare channel (which connects to a post-capillary venule)
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15
Q

True Capillaries

A

receive O2, release CO2

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16
Q

Venules

A
  • smallest of the veins
  • run with arterioles
  • have thin layer of smooth muscle
  • little ability to vasoconstrict
  • merge to form large venules which merge to form veins
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17
Q

Veins

A
  • small to medium veins run with muscular arteries
  • large veins run with elastic arteries
  • low pressure in vein necessitates valves to maintain one-way flow of blood
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18
Q

Skeletal Muscle Pump

A
  • skeletal muscle contraction and relaxation helps move venous blood
  • muscles squeeze the veins, pushing venous blood toward the heart
  • inactivity results in reduced muscle pump and greater risk of clot formation
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19
Q

Respiratory Pump

A
  • blood flow is assisted by contraction and relaxation of diaphragm
  • during inhalation, the diaphragm is depressed - this results in increased abdominal pressure and decreases thoracic pressure (blood is moved from abdominal part of inferior vena cava into thoracic part)
  • during exhalation, the diaphragm is elevated - this results in decreased abdominal pressure and increased thoracic pressure (blood is moved from thoracic part of inferior vena cava into heart)
20
Q

The skeletal muscle pump does not benefit which blood vessel?

A

the inferior vena cava, which ascends in the abdomen and thorax

21
Q

Which arteries in the systemic system branch off of the aortic arch?

A

brachiocephalic artery
left common carotid artery
left subclavian artery

22
Q

The brachiocephalic artery divides into the…

A

right common carotid and right subclavian artery

23
Q

The common carotid arteries supply blood to the…

A

head and neck

24
Q

The brachiocephalic arteries supply blood to the…

A

upper extremities

25
Q

The common carotid arteries branch into the…

A

internal and external carotid arteries

26
Q

The internal carotid arteries pass through the…

A

carotid canals

27
Q

The internal carotid arteries help supply blood to the…

A

brain

28
Q

The external carotid arteries give rise to which branches?

A 
superior thyroid artery
lingual artery
facial artery
lesser occipital artery
posterior auricular artery
maxillary artery
superficial temporal artery
29
Q

The superior thyroid artery supplies blood to the…

A

thyroid gland

30
Q

The lingual artery supplies blood to the…

A

tongue

31
Q

The facial artery supplies blood to the…

A

face

32
Q

The lesser occipital artery supplies blood to the…

A

back of the head

33
Q

The posterior auricular artery supplies blood…

A

behind the ear

34
Q

The maxillary artery supplies blood to the…

A

muscles of mastication and teeth

35
Q

The superficial temporal artery supplies blood to the…

A

scalp

36
Q

The subclavian arteries give rise to the…

A

thyrocervical trunk
internal thoracic artery
vertebral artery

37
Q

The thryocervical trunk helps supply blood to the…

A

thyroid gland, deep neck

38
Q

The internal thoracic artery gives rise to the anterior intercostal branches before dividing into…

A

musculophrenic (to diaphragm) and superior epigastric (upper abdominal wall) arteries

39
Q

The vertebral artery helps supply blood to the…

A

brain

40
Q

In the brain, the basilar artery provides branches to the _______ and ______, and then splits into right and left posterior cerebral arteries.

A

brainstem ; cerebellum

41
Q

Circle of Willis

A

an arterial circle formed by posterior cerebral, posterior communicating, internal carotid, anterior cerebral, and anterior communicating arteries

42
Q

Once it passes the 1st rib, the subclavian artery becomes the…

A

axillary artery

43
Q

The axillary artery supplies blood to the…

A

shoulder and lateral thorax

44
Q

When the axillary artery passes the teres major muscle and enters the arm, it becomes the…

A

brachial artery

45
Q

At the anterior elbow, the brachial artery divides in which arteries?

A

radial and ulnar

46
Q

The radial and ulnar arteries supply…

A

the forearm and wrist

47
Q

The radial and ulnar arteries join in the palm to for the superficial and deep…

A

palmar arch (which supplies the hands and fingers)

ANAT 3001 (11 decks)

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