Blood Vessels And Blood

Question 1

Adaptations of the arteries

Answer 1

Have thick muscular and elastic walls to pump blood
Small lumen squeezes the blood forward

Question 2

Adaptations of veins

Answer 2

Have thin walls - have less muscular tissue than arteries
Have a wide lumen

Question 3

Adaptations of the capillaries

Answer 3

One cell thick to allow diffusion for gaseous exchange involving oxygen and carbon dioxide

Question 4

Role of plasma

Answer 4

Liquid element of blood that allows it to flow

Question 5

Role of platelets

Answer 5

Clot the blood at the site of the wound

Question 6

What is vasoconstriction? When does it happen

Answer 6

Narrowing of the lumen to decrease blood flow happens for the arteries during exercise so that less blood is delivered to inactive areas.

Question 7

What is vasodilation and when does it happen?

Answer 7

Widening of the lumen to increase the volume of blood travelling through it it happens during exercise so more blood is delivered to active areas increasing oxygen supply

Question 8

What is vascular shunting

Answer 8

Increases blood flow to active areas during exercise by mixing blood from inactive areas. Vasoconstriction and vasodilation allow this.

Question 9

Role of red blood cells

Answer 9

Contain haemoglobin which carry oxygen for aerobic respiration. Very important for endurance athletes.

Question 10

Role of the white blood cells

Answer 10

Travel in blood and fight infection and disease. Ensure an athlete can train and compete