Blood and Myeloid Tissue

Question 1

A specialized type of connective tissue and, like all connective tissues it has relatively few cells and a relatively large amount of intercellular material

Answer 1

Blood

Question 2

Blood is 38-45%

Answer 2

Cells

Question 3

This cell number is called the

Answer 3

Hematocrit

Question 4

RBC + WBC + platelets =

Answer 4

Formed elements

Question 5

Plasma has proteins that form fibers (in the form of inactive fibrinogen) which will be activated in the formation of a

Answer 5

Blood clot

Question 6

They function inside the cardiovascular system to carry oxygen to and carbon dioxide away from the cells of the body

Answer 6

Erythrocytes (RBCs)

Question 7

Derangements in hemoglobin chemistry can also lead to abnormally shaped erythrocytes. An example of this is seen in

Answer 7

Sickle cells

Question 8

Perform much of their work outside the circulatory system

Answer 8

Leukocytes (WBCs)

Question 9

In response to chemical signals WBCs migrate through the walls of blood vessels by a process known as

Answer 9

Diapedesis (extravasation)

Question 10

Leukocytes are classified as

Answer 10

Granulocytes or agranulocytes

Question 11

Contain 2 types of lysosomes known as primary granules and secondary or specific granules

Answer 11

Granulocytes

Question 12

Contain only small primary granules

Answer 12

Agranulocytes

Question 13

A second way to classify leukocytes often used by hematologists is whether they are

Answer 13

Phagocytes or immunocytes

Question 14

What are the three grnaulocytes?

Answer 14

Neutrophils, eosinophils, and basophils

Question 15

The granulocytes (neutrophils, eosinophils, basophils) and monocytes are

Answer 15

Phagocytes

Question 16

The other agranulocytes (lymphocytes) are

Answer 16

Immunocytes

Question 17

The “first responders” of inflammation.

-The most common WBC in the circulation

Answer 17

Neutrophils (AKA PMNs)

Question 18

Nucleus is very dense with 3-5 lobes, may show a Barr body (“drumstick”) in females

Answer 18

Neutrophils

Question 19

Contain two types of granules in their cytoplasm, azureophilic (primary) and specific (secondary), both contain lysosomal enzymes

Answer 19

Neutrophils

Question 20

Function in phagocytosis and killing of bacteria

Answer 20

Neutrophils

Question 21

Neutrophils are short-lived cells. They live for only a few

Answer 21

Hours to days

Question 22

Have a nucleus with 2-3 lobes

-Large, red-orange (specific) granules fill the cytoplasm

Answer 22

Eosinophils

Question 23

The granules of Eosinophils contain

Answer 23

Peroxidases

Question 24

Are increased in parasitic infections, asthma, allergic rhinitis, transplant rejection

Answer 24

Eosinophils

Question 25

The least common of the granulocytes

Answer 25

Basophils

Question 26

Function in allergic and hypersensitive reactions -similar to mast cells

Answer 26

Basophils

Question 27

Agranulocyte, primary granules (lysosomes) in the cytoplasm. The largest of the WBC

Answer 27

Monocytes

Question 28

Leave the circulation to become macrophages in connective tissue throughout the body

Answer 28

Monocytes

Question 29

As macrophages they function in phagocytosis of bacteria, cellular and foreign debris. The second wave in the inflammatory response

Answer 29

Monocytes

Question 30

Monocytes present antigen to

Answer 30

Lymphocytes

Question 31

Agranulocyte. Small lymphocytes are just a bit larger than an RBC

Answer 31

Lymphocytes

Question 32

Broadly classified as B,T or NK cells but staining with specific marker is necessary to identify each type

Answer 32

Lymphocytes

Question 33

With appropriate stimulation B lymphocytes become

Answer 33

Plasma cells

Question 34

Red cells are larger than a small lymphocyte in

Answer 34

Macrocytic anemia (folate/B12 deficiency)

Question 35

Small fragments derived from a megakaryocyte, a very large bone marrow cell

Answer 35

Thrombocytes (platelets)

Question 36

Contain dense vesicles, glycogen, mitochondria, RER, Glogi, lysosomes and invaginations of its membrane, the open canilicular system

Answer 36

Thrombocytes (platelets)

Question 37

Thrombocytes function in

Answer 37

Thrombogenesis

Question 38

Stimulates mitosis of vascular smooth muscle for repair

Answer 38

Platelet Derived Growth Factor (PDGF)

Question 39

Injury → platelets adhere to the exposed subendothelial

Answer 39

CT

Question 40

Then platelets aggregate, thrombin acts on fibrinogen → fibrin monomers added to form a

Answer 40

Hemostatic Plug

Question 41

The intercellular material of blood -Makes up ~55-60% of blood volume

Answer 41

Plasma

Question 42

Contains salts (Na+, K+), ions (Cl-, HCO3-) clotting factors, lipids, albumin and other proteins such as antibodies, growth factors, hormones, etc

Answer 42

Plasma

Question 43

If plasma is allowed to form a clot, the remaining liquid is -Fibrinogen-free plasma

Answer 43

Serum

Question 44

All blood cells are produced by hemopoiesis in

Answer 44

Myeloid Tissue

Question 45

What is the location of myeloid tissue for the following? 1. ) Fetus 0-2 months 2. ) 2-7 months 3. ) 5-9 months 4. Infants 5. ) Adults

Answer 45

1. ) Yolk sac 2. ) Liver and spleen 3. ) Bone marrow 4. ) Bone marrow 5. ) Bone marrow

Question 46

Defined as hematopoiesis occurring in organs outside of the bone marrow

Answer 46

Extramedullary hematopoiesis (EH)

Question 47

Occurs in diverse conditions, including fetal development, normal immune responses, and pathological circumstances

Answer 47

Extramedullary hematopoiesis (EH)

Question 48

The two niches for hematopoiesis in bone marrow are

Answer 48

Osteoblastic and vascular

Question 49

The production of RBC is under the control of the hormone

Answer 49

Erythropoietin (EPO)

Question 50

Erythropoietin is primarily produced by fibroblasts in the cortex of the kidney in response to

Answer 50

Low oxygen tension

Question 51

Slightly immature RBC that still contain some free ribosomes -normally 1-2% of circulating RBC

Answer 51

Reticulocytes

Question 52

The production of leukocytes (white blood cells), the various types of granulocytes and monocytes

Answer 52

Leukopoiesis

Question 53

Leukopoiesis is controlled by a -specific for each cell line

Answer 53

Colony Stimulating Factor (CSF)

Question 54

Each line of development is known as a

Answer 54

Colony Forming Unit (CFU)

Question 55

A system of antigen presenting cells, derived from monocytes, that function to initiate several different types of immune response

Answer 55

Dendritic Cells

Question 56

Engulf antigens, digest them into smaller fragments, migrate to lymph nodes and present antigen fragments to T-lymphocytes

Answer 56

Dendritic Cells

Question 57

The production of thrombocytes (blood platelets) from cytoplasmic fragments of megakaryocytes, a very large, polyploid cells of bone marrow

Answer 57

Thrombopoiesis

Question 58

Thrombopoiesis is controlled by

Answer 58

Thrombopoietin