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Immunity > Blood and Myeloid Tissue > Flashcards

Blood and Myeloid Tissue Flashcards

1
Q

A specialized type of connective tissue and, like all connective tissues it has relatively few cells and a relatively large amount of intercellular material

A

Blood

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2
Q

Blood is 38-45%

A

Cells

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3
Q

This cell number is called the

A

Hematocrit

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4
Q

RBC + WBC + platelets =

A

Formed elements

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5
Q

Plasma has proteins that form fibers (in the form of inactive fibrinogen) which will be activated in the formation of a

A

Blood clot

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6
Q

They function inside the cardiovascular system to carry oxygen to and carbon dioxide away from the cells of the body

A

Erythrocytes (RBCs)

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7
Q

Derangements in hemoglobin chemistry can also lead to abnormally shaped erythrocytes. An example of this is seen in

A

Sickle cells

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8
Q

Perform much of their work outside the circulatory system

A

Leukocytes (WBCs)

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9
Q

In response to chemical signals WBCs migrate through the walls of blood vessels by a process known as

A

Diapedesis (extravasation)

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10
Q

Leukocytes are classified as

A

Granulocytes or agranulocytes

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11
Q

Contain 2 types of lysosomes known as primary granules and secondary or specific granules

A

Granulocytes

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12
Q

Contain only small primary granules

A

Agranulocytes

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13
Q

A second way to classify leukocytes often used by hematologists is whether they are

A

Phagocytes or immunocytes

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14
Q

What are the three grnaulocytes?

A

Neutrophils, eosinophils, and basophils

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15
Q

The granulocytes (neutrophils, eosinophils, basophils) and monocytes are

A

Phagocytes

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16
Q

The other agranulocytes (lymphocytes) are

A

Immunocytes

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17
Q

The “first responders” of inflammation.

-The most common WBC in the circulation

A

Neutrophils (AKA PMNs)

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18
Q

Nucleus is very dense with 3-5 lobes, may show a Barr body (“drumstick”) in females

A

Neutrophils

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19
Q

Contain two types of granules in their cytoplasm, azureophilic (primary) and specific (secondary), both contain lysosomal enzymes

A

Neutrophils

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20
Q

Function in phagocytosis and killing of bacteria

A

Neutrophils

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21
Q

Neutrophils are short-lived cells. They live for only a few

A

Hours to days

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22
Q

Have a nucleus with 2-3 lobes

-Large, red-orange (specific) granules fill the cytoplasm

A

Eosinophils

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23
Q

The granules of Eosinophils contain

A

Peroxidases

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24
Q

Are increased in parasitic infections, asthma, allergic rhinitis, transplant rejection

A

Eosinophils

25
Q

The least common of the granulocytes

A

Basophils

26
Q

Function in allergic and hypersensitive reactions

-similar to mast cells

A

Basophils

27
Q

Agranulocyte, primary granules (lysosomes) in the cytoplasm. The largest of the WBC

A

Monocytes

28
Q

Leave the circulation to become macrophages in connective tissue throughout the body

A

Monocytes

29
Q

As macrophages they function in phagocytosis of bacteria, cellular and foreign debris. The second wave in the inflammatory response

A

Monocytes

30
Q

Monocytes present antigen to

A

Lymphocytes

31
Q

Agranulocyte. Small lymphocytes are just a bit larger than an RBC

A

Lymphocytes

32
Q

Broadly classified as B,T or NK cells but staining with specific marker is necessary to identify each type

A

Lymphocytes

33
Q

With appropriate stimulation B lymphocytes become

A

Plasma cells

34
Q

Red cells are larger than a small lymphocyte in

A

Macrocytic anemia (folate/B12 deficiency)

35
Q

Small fragments derived from a megakaryocyte, a very large bone marrow cell

A

Thrombocytes (platelets)

36
Q

Contain dense vesicles, glycogen, mitochondria, RER, Glogi, lysosomes and invaginations of its membrane, the open canilicular system

A

Thrombocytes (platelets)

37
Q

Thrombocytes function in

A

Thrombogenesis

38
Q

Stimulates mitosis of vascular smooth muscle for repair

A

Platelet Derived Growth Factor (PDGF)

39
Q

Injury → platelets adhere to the exposed subendothelial

A

CT

40
Q

Then platelets aggregate, thrombin acts on fibrinogen → fibrin monomers added to form a

A

Hemostatic Plug

41
Q

The intercellular material of blood

-Makes up ~55-60% of blood volume

A

Plasma

42
Q

Contains salts (Na+, K+), ions (Cl-, HCO3-) clotting factors, lipids, albumin and other proteins such as antibodies, growth factors, hormones, etc

A

Plasma

43
Q

If plasma is allowed to form a clot, the remaining liquid is

-Fibrinogen-free plasma

A

Serum

44
Q

All blood cells are produced by hemopoiesis in

A

Myeloid Tissue

45
Q

What is the location of myeloid tissue for the following?

  1. ) Fetus 0-2 months
  2. ) 2-7 months
  3. ) 5-9 months
  4. Infants
  5. ) Adults
A
  1. ) Yolk sac
  2. ) Liver and spleen
  3. ) Bone marrow
  4. ) Bone marrow
  5. ) Bone marrow
46
Q

Defined as hematopoiesis occurring in organs outside of the bone marrow

A

Extramedullary hematopoiesis (EH)

47
Q

Occurs in diverse conditions, including fetal development, normal immune responses, and pathological circumstances

A

Extramedullary hematopoiesis (EH)

48
Q

The two niches for hematopoiesis in bone marrow are

A

Osteoblastic and vascular

49
Q

The production of RBC is under the control of the hormone

A

Erythropoietin (EPO)

50
Q

Erythropoietin is primarily produced by fibroblasts in the cortex of the kidney in response to

A

Low oxygen tension

51
Q

Slightly immature RBC that still contain some free ribosomes

-normally 1-2% of circulating RBC

A

Reticulocytes

52
Q

The production of leukocytes (white blood cells), the various types of granulocytes and monocytes

A

Leukopoiesis

53
Q

Leukopoiesis is controlled by a

-specific for each cell line

A

Colony Stimulating Factor (CSF)

54
Q

Each line of development is known as a

A

Colony Forming Unit (CFU)

55
Q

A system of antigen presenting cells, derived from monocytes, that function to initiate several different types of immune response

A

Dendritic Cells

56
Q

Engulf antigens, digest them into smaller fragments, migrate to lymph nodes and present antigen fragments to T-lymphocytes

A

Dendritic Cells

57
Q

The production of thrombocytes (blood platelets) from cytoplasmic fragments of megakaryocytes, a very large, polyploid cells of bone marrow

A

Thrombopoiesis

58
Q

Thrombopoiesis is controlled by

A

Thrombopoietin

Immunity (33 decks)

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