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Immunity > Anti-Cytokine Therapy > Flashcards

Anti-Cytokine Therapy Flashcards

1
Q

Which two vasoactive amines are chemical mediators of inflammation?

A

Histamine and 5-HT

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2
Q

Lipid-derived arachidonic acid metabolites are chemical mediators of

A

Inflammation

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3
Q

Which cytokines are chemical mediators of inflammation?

A

IL-1 and TNF-a

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4
Q

What are 4 chronic inflammatory cells and mediators?

A

Macrophages, lymphocytes, eosinophils, and mast cells

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5
Q

What are the four main diseases associated with chronic autoimmune inflammation?

A
  1. ) RA
  2. ) Crohn’s/Colitis
  3. ) Psoriasis
  4. ) Lupus
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6
Q

Anti-cytokine therapy is valuable for treating

A

Chronic autoimmune inflammation

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7
Q

In RA, inticing antigen drives lymphocyte proliferation production of

A

Rheumatoid factor autoantibody

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8
Q

Then, fixation of complement amplifies the destructive cascade and attracts inflammatory cells, resulting in production of

A

Cytokines and enzymes

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9
Q

Binds TNF-a with high affinity and neutralizes its biological activity

A

Etanercept (ENBREL)

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10
Q

Recombinant fusion protein consisting of two soluble p75 TNF receptor moieties linked to Fc portion of human IgG1

A

Etanercept (ENBREL)

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11
Q

Chimeric monoclonal antibody to TNF-a

-Fc region of human IgG and Fab sequences of a mouse anti-TNF-a antibody

A

Infliximab (Remicade)

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12
Q

Reduces blood level of TNF-a and may dislodge TNF-a bound to cells

A

Infliximab (Remicade)

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13
Q

Infliximab (Remicade) is used to treat?

A

Crohn’s and RA

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14
Q

Recombinant human monoclonal antibody to TNF-a

A

Adalimumab (Humira)

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15
Q

Complexes with soluble TNF-a and prevents its interaction with p55 and p75 cell surface receptors

A

Adalimumab (Humira)

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16
Q

Adalimumab (Humira) is used to treat

A

RA

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17
Q

Genetically engineered antibodies that are typically 33% mouse protein and 67% human protein

A

Chimeric and humanized antibodies

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18
Q

Recombinant non-glycosylated IL-1 receptor antagonist (IL-1Ra)

-an endogenous protein

A

Anakinra (Kineret)

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19
Q

Blocks the cellular effects of IL-1

A

Anakinra (Kineret)

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20
Q

Anakinra (Kineret) is used to treat?

A

RA

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21
Q

The pathogenesis of RA activates the

A

Innate immune system

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22
Q

Dendritic cells then migrate to the

A

Lymph node

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23
Q

Here, the DCs present antigens to

A

T cells

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24
Q

T cells then proliferate and migrate to the

A

Joint

25
Q

Here, T cells produce pro-inflammatory

A

Cytokines

26
Q

Activated macrophages and fibroblasts then produce

A

TNF-a

27
Q

A humanized monoclonal antibody that competitively inhibits the binding of IL-6 to its receptors

A

Tocilizumab (Actemra)

28
Q

Tocilizumab (Actemra) is used to treat

A

RA

29
Q

A pro-inflammatory cytokine that is overproduced in patients with RA and contributes to joint cell destruction

A

IL-6

30
Q

Fusion protein of cytotoxic T-lymphocyte-associated antigen 4 (CTLA-4) linked to IgG1

A

Abatacept (Orencia)

31
Q

Inhibits binding of CD80 and 86 to CD28, preventing T-cell activation and lowering serum concentration of inflammatory markers, cytokines, and rheumatoid factor

A

Abatacept (Orencia)

32
Q

Used to treat patients with moderate to severe RA who have not responded to one or more DMARD

A

Abatacept (Orencia)

33
Q

Inflammatory bowel disease of the entire GI tract

-chronic intestinal inflammation

A

Crohn’s disease

34
Q

Led to development of novel agents that specifically block key cytokines (i.e. infliximab)

A

Crohn’s disease

35
Q

PEGylated Fab fragment of humanized TNF-a antibody

A

Certolizumab (Cimzia)

36
Q

Binds to soluble and membrane bound TNF-a

A

Certolizumab (Cimzia)

37
Q

Used to treat moderate to severe RA in adults with inadequate response to conventional therapy

A

Certolizumab (Cimzia)

38
Q

What are the three therapeutic targets of psoriasis?

A

IL-17A, 12, and 23

39
Q

A fully human IgG1 antibody directed against the p40 subunit of IL-12 and IL-23 cytokines which are present in psoriasis skin lesions

A

Ustekinumab (Stelara)

40
Q

What are three treatments that target IL-17A to treat psoriasis?

A

Secukinumab (Cosentyx), Ixekizumab (Taltz), and Brodalumab (Siliq)

41
Q

Injectable human IL-17A antagonists

A

Secukinumab (Cosentyx), Ixekizumab (Taltz), and Brodalumab (Siliq)

42
Q

Has a boxed warning about suicidal ideation nd behavior and is only available through REMS

A

Brodalumab (Siliq)

43
Q

A monoclonal antibody to BAFF/BLyS

-first new drug for lupus in >50 years

A

Benlysta

44
Q

Key determinant of whether B cell will survive or die during development of tolerance

A

B-cell Activating Factor (BAFF/BLyS)

45
Q

B-cell Activating Factor (BAFF/BLyS) is a member of the

A

TNF-a family of proteins

46
Q

One of the adverse effects to anti-cytokine therapy is reactions at the

A

Injection sites

47
Q

We can see cytopenias with

A

Anti-TNF therapy

48
Q

Ibfliximab carries a risk of

A

Hepatotoxicity

49
Q

Very expensive

A

Anti-cytokine therapy

50
Q

An active infection, positive TB test, and pre-existing demyelinating disorders are

A

Contraindications to anti-cytokine therapy

51
Q

Once thought to be simply the malignant growth of cells

-fueled by inflammation and localized immunosuppression

A

Cancer

52
Q

The FDA has recently approved the 1st drug for moderate and severe Eczema cases. This drug is called dupilumab and it targets

A

IL-4Rα

53
Q

The first drug approved (2017) for multiple sclerosis

A

Ocrelizumab

54
Q

An anti-CD20 antibody that was approved for primary progressive MS

A

Ocrelizumab

55
Q

Biologic agents for severe eosinophilic asthma target

A

IL-5

56
Q

What are the two humanized IL-5 antagonists to treat eosiniphilic asthma?

A

Mepolizumab (Nucala), Reslizumab (Cinqair),

57
Q

A humanized monoclonal antibody selective for the IL-5 receptor

A

Benralizumab (Fasenra)

58
Q

Mepolizumab (Nucala) is injecyed

A

Subcutaneously

Immunity (33 decks)

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