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block 5 Anna > block 5 lecture 6 sensory systems > Flashcards

block 5 lecture 6 sensory systems Flashcards

1
Q

how long is the spinal cord?

A

42cm-45cm

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2
Q

where does the spinal cord start and finish?

A

foramen magnum to L1/L2

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3
Q

what are the three layers of connective tissue covering the spinal cord?

A

pia, archnoid and dura mata

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4
Q

whats the difference between epidural space on brain and spinal cord?

A

at the brain its a potential space, at the spinal cord its an actual space

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5
Q

what does the epidural space of the spinal cord contain?

A

internal venus plexus and fat

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6
Q

what does the subarachnoid space contain?

A

cerebrospinal fluid

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7
Q

where are the two enlargements of the spinal cord?

A

cervical and lumbar region

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8
Q

what are the enlargements in the spine due to?

A

increase of pathways to innovate the limbs

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9
Q

what are the two roots that come out of spinal segments?

A

dorsal and ventral

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10
Q

what information is transmitted via dorsal roots?

A

sensory

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11
Q

what information is transmitted via ventralroots?

A

motor

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12
Q

where are spinal roots found?

A

in between in vertebral foramen and spinal cord tissue

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13
Q

what do spinal nerves bifurcate into?

A

ventral and dorsal ramus

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14
Q

why dosent the spinal nerve go to the bottom of the vertebra?

A

during development at three months the spinal cord is the same length of the vertebral column, after this the vertebral column growth over shoot that of the spinal cord.

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15
Q

what happens at the bottom of the spinal cord?

A

tapering this is the conus medullaris at L1/L2

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16
Q

what is the cauda equina?

A

roots below the canus medullaris bunch together in the sub arachnoid space

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17
Q

where do you find spinal nerves?

A

intervetebral foramina

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18
Q

what are the segments of the spinal cord?

A

cervical, thoracic, lumbar and sacral

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19
Q

what runs down from the cernus medullaris?

A

cauda equina

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20
Q

what is the continuation of the pia mata called?

A

filum terminale

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21
Q

what is a cistern?

A

anatomical lake of cerebrospinal fluid`

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22
Q

what changes about the white matter as you go down the spinal cord?

A

white matter is reduced

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23
Q

shape of grey matter in the spinal cord?

A

has a H shape, anterior and posterior horns, there is a central canal

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24
Q

what are the anterior horns responsible for?

A

motor

25
Q

what are the posterior horns responsible for?

A

sensery

26
Q

what is the groove at the front called?

A

median fissure

27
Q

where do you get lateral horns and what is there purpose?

A

thoracic and the autonomic region

28
Q

what is a commissure?

A

an axon which crosses from one side of the CNS to another

29
Q

what is decassation?

A

crossing the midline

30
Q

how many pathways are there for ascending tracts? (information coming into the CNS)

A

3: 1st order, 2nd order and 3rd order

31
Q

aspects of the 1st order neurons?

A

they run through dorsal roots
the cell bodies are in the dorsal root ganglia
from external receptors

32
Q

aspects of the 2nd order neurons?

A

spinal cord and brain stem tracts

decassate

33
Q

aspects of the 3rd order neurons?

A

run from the thalamus to the sensory corten via the internal capsule

34
Q

conscious perception pathways?

A

dorsal column and spinalthalamic

35
Q

unconscious perception pathways?

A

spinocerebellar, spinorectal, spinoreticular and spino-olvary

36
Q

what do we test clinically when testing the spinal cord?

A

conscious perception

37
Q

in dorsal column where do 1st order neurons enter the spinal cord?

A

dorsal roots

38
Q

in dorsal column how do the 1st order neurons ascend?

A

ipsilaterally

39
Q

in dorsal column where do the 1st order neurons synapse?

A

gracile nuclei and cuneate nuclei

40
Q

in dorsal column what are the fibers that run in the gracile nucleus called? and what do they represent?

A

fasiculus gracalis and the lower half of the body

41
Q

in dorsal column what are the fibers that run in the cunate nucleus called? and what do they represent?

A

fasiculus cuneatus found in the upper part of the spinal cord as they contain information from the upper half

42
Q

in dorsal column where do 2nd order neurons come through and where do they go?

A

come from nucleus and cross over the bran stem and form medial lemnisous

43
Q

in dorsal column where does the medial lemniscus run to?

A

contralateral thalamus

44
Q

in dorsal column where do third order neurons run from and to?

A

from the contralateral thelemus and goes to the cerebral cortex

45
Q

what is the column medial lemniscus pathway important for?

A

discriminating aspects of touch and proprioception

46
Q

what is it called when you have a lack of the column medial lemniscus pathway?

A

sensory ataxia

47
Q

in spinothalamic tracts where does it go from and to?

A

spinal cord to the thalamus

48
Q

in spinothalamic tracts where do 1st order neurons come from and synapse?

A

they come from limbs and synapse with lissors tracts/ dorso lateral faliculous

49
Q

in spinothalamic tracts what heppens to this information in the spinal corn?

A

raises 1-2 segments

50
Q

what are 2nd order neurons of the lateral spinothalamic joined by? and where?

A

trigeminothalamic tract in the brain stem

51
Q

what is the region called that keeps you awake?

A

reticular formation

52
Q

in spinothalamic tracts what is the signals in this pathway?

A

crude touch, pain and temperature

53
Q

what are the two pathways of spinocerebellar tracts?

A

dorsal spinocerebellar pathway and the ventral spinocerebellar pathway

54
Q

in spinocerebellar pathway how does the dorsal information rise?

A

ipsilaterally

55
Q

in spinocerebellar pathway what happens to the ventral information?

A

ventral enters the spinal cord and decessates immediately

56
Q

in spinocerebellar pathway what is venral responsible for?

A

movement control

57
Q

in spino-olivary what is the location and what is it for?

A

spinal cord to the accessory olivary nuclei and cerebellum

for movement co-ordination associated balance

58
Q

in spinoectal what is the location and what is it for?

A

spinal cord to superior calliculi

for reflex of turning head and eyes to stimulation

59
Q

in spinoreticular what is the location and what is it for?

A

spinal cord to reticular conductinf system

arrouing consciousness through cutaneous stimulation

block 5 Anna (16 decks)

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