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block 5 Anna > block 5 lecture 15 functional regions of the brain > Flashcards

block 5 lecture 15 functional regions of the brain Flashcards

1
Q

how many neuron pathways are there in the ascending pathways?

A

3 neuron pathways

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2
Q

what does the first order neuron do in the ascending pathway?

A

info from spinal cord or brain stem

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3
Q

what does the second order neuron do in the ascending pathway?

A

nucleus in CNS to thalamus

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4
Q

what does the third order neuron do in the ascending pathway?

A

thalamus to the sensory cortex

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5
Q

what happens in descending pathways?

A

upper motor neurons run from cerebrum/brainstem to the lower motor neuron in the spinal cord

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6
Q

what are the grooves in the brain called?

A

sulci

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7
Q

what are the lumps in the brain?

A

gyri

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8
Q

what are the boundries of the frontal lobe?

A

central sulcus and lateral sulcus

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9
Q

what is behind the central sulcus?

A

parietal lobe

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10
Q

what separates the parietal and occipital lobes?

A

parieto-occipital sulcus

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11
Q

what separates the frontal and parietal lobes?

A

the lateral sulcus

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12
Q

what is the pre central gyrus?

A

gyrus infront of the central lobe

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13
Q

what is the gyrus behind the central sulcus called?

A

post central gyrus

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14
Q

what does the precentral gyrus form?

A

primary motor cortex

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15
Q

what form the primary sensory cortex?

A

post central gyrus

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16
Q

what are the connections between the primary sensory and motor cortex?

A

fibers

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17
Q

why does a lesion to one of the primary cortex mean there are problems with sensory and motor systems?

A

connections between the two

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18
Q

what is the homonculi?

A

axons are arranged in a somatotropic arrangement

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19
Q

how are the head and face presented on the homunculi?

A

most laterally

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20
Q

how are the lower limbs represented on the homunculi?

A

medially

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21
Q

what are the exceptions to the homunculi arrangement?

A

somatosensory cortex, posterior columns

22
Q

what is the journey of the corticospinal pathway?

A

arise in the primary motor cortex and run down via the internal capsule, through the pyramid and into the spinal cord

23
Q

where is the pyramidal decussation?

A

at the end of the medulla

24
Q

what are the fibers that decussate in the pyramids celled?

A

lateral corticospinal tract

25
Q

where are the signs and symptoms of CNS problems?

A

usually conterolateraly

26
Q

where are the signs and symptoms of PNS problems?

A

usually ipsilateral

27
Q

how is the motor neuron for the upper face presented?

A

bilaterally

28
Q

what do corticol and internal capsule lesions give rise to?

A

motor and sensory problems

29
Q

what does a lesion in the pyramidal region cause?

A

purely motor problems

30
Q

why does a lesion to the thalamus cause alot of problems?

A

alot of connections, alot of synapsing occurs here

31
Q

how do lesions of the thalamus present?

A

controlateraly

32
Q

how does the posterior colums rise?

A

ipsilaterally

33
Q

what presents in a pons lesion?

A

discosiated sensory loss

34
Q

what is the structure of the cerebellum?

A

two hemispheres and central vermis

35
Q

what does the vestibular system of the thalamus control?

A

equilibrium and muscle tone

36
Q

what is the hind brain also called?

A

rhombencephalon

37
Q

what is the vestibular system also called?

A

floculanodular system

38
Q

what does the palecerebellum control?

A

propulsive, stereotypes movement

39
Q

what is the system of the palecerebellum?

A

spinocerebellum

40
Q

what does the neurocerebellum control?

A

coordination of skilled voluntary movements

41
Q

what is the formation of grey and white matter in the cerebellum?

A

grey is on the outside and white is on the inside

42
Q

what does the right cerebellum control?

A

right side of the body

43
Q

what does the vermis control?

A

the whole body

44
Q

what are the two principle motor systems of the descending pathway?

A

pyramidal and extrapyramidal

45
Q

what do the basal ganglia coordinate with?

A

upper motor neurons

46
Q

what is the pyramidal system?

A

the direct activation pathway - voluntary movements

47
Q

what is the extrapyramidal pathway?

A

the indirect pathway - control of movement

48
Q

what is the indirect pathway for?

A

maintaining posture and balance, preplanned movement repertoire, compensatory movements, voluntary excitation on top of involuntary excitation

49
Q

what does the indirect pathway facilitate?

A

selective activation or suppression of movements, initiation of movement, setting rate and force of movement, coordinating movement

50
Q

what impulses does the indirect pathway control?

A

corticol neural impulses

51
Q

what plans movement?

A

pre frontal cortex

52
Q

what does the basal ganglia do to begin movement?

A

receives information which sends impulses to the cortex to initiate movement

block 5 Anna (16 decks)

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