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block 5 Anna > block 5 lecture 2 > Flashcards

block 5 lecture 2 Flashcards

1
Q

what kind of symmetry does the brain have?

A

bilteral

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2
Q

what is he line running down the center of the brain called?

A

midline

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3
Q

what two things is the CNS composed of?

A

cranium and vertebrea

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4
Q

what is the 4th germ layer in the embryo called?

A

neural crest cells

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5
Q

layers of the trilaminar disk?

A 
amniotic cavity
ectoderm
mesoderm
endoderm 
yolk sac
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6
Q

what does the thickening of the ectoderm along the mid line form?

A

central nervous system

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7
Q

the CNS develops a part of ectoderm, what is this specialised region called?

A

neuroectoderm

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8
Q

what is the boundary called between neuroectoderm and other ectoderm?

A

neuroectoderm border

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9
Q

during early development what happens to the neuroectoderm?

A

the midline pushes down to form a gully, the neuoectoderm border forms ridges, these are the neural crest cells, the two neural crest ridges meet along the midline and form a tube, tube zps up where the ridges have met

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10
Q

what happens to the neural crest cells once the neural tube has formed?

A

the ridges disintergrateand the mesenchyme cells migrate away

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11
Q

neural crest cells give rise to different tissues in the body such as…?

A

ganglia, neurons, pigment cells, cartilage, dentin, bone, adrenal glands and connective tissue

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12
Q

first three thickenings of the neual tubes precurser of the brain?

A

for brain, mid brain, hind brain

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13
Q

what are the two regions called that the for brain divides into?

A

telencephalon and diencephalon

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14
Q

what does the telencephalon develop into?

A

right and left cerebral hemisphere

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15
Q

what is the posterior part of the forbrain called?

A

diencephalon

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16
Q

what is the diencephalon the precurser of?

A

basal ganglia and the thalamus

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17
Q

why does the CNS need to fold?

A

because it s expanding but it is confined within the cranium

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18
Q

what is the fold call in early development in the mid brain?

A

cranial flexure

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19
Q

which part of the brain is the cervical flexure?

A

hind brain

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20
Q

what is the flexure in the pos called?

A

the pontine flexure

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21
Q

in development where do the first and second ventricles originate from?

A

the for brain the telencephalic vesicles

22
Q

in development where does the third ventricle come from?

A

diencephalic vesicle

23
Q

in development where does the 4th ventricle come from?

A

hind brain

24
Q

what shape do the lateral ventricles take on?

A

C-shapes

25
Q

what does the wall of the lateral ventricles make up?

A

fanix and the hypocampus

26
Q

what are the two main types of tissue in the CNS?

A

grey matter and white matter

27
Q

where there is a predominance of axons what colour does the tissue appear?

A

white matter

28
Q

when cell bodies congregate what colour does the tissue appear?`

A

grey matter

29
Q

what do the fibers running between the cortex and the brain stem need to pass through?

A

nuclei of basal ganglia and the diencephlon

30
Q

what is the tract called allowing the fibers to pass through he basal ganglia and the diencephalon?

A

internal capsule

31
Q

which part of the neural tube does the spinal cord develop from?

A

posterior end

32
Q

which is the dorsal side?

A

side closest to the back

33
Q

what are the two regions at the dorsal side of the developing neural tube?

A

alar plates

34
Q

what are the two regions at the ventral side of the developing neural tube?

A

basal plates

35
Q

there is structural and functional regionalisation in the developing spinal cord, what is the function of the dorsal end?

A

sensory info

36
Q

there is structural and functional regionalisation in the developing spinal cord, what is the function of the ventral end?

A

motor

37
Q

what is the region between the basal and alar pates called? and what are they associated with?

A

cell bodies the ANS

38
Q

what is the hypertrophy of white matter around the developing spinal cord?

A

congregation of axons on the outside

39
Q

what do alar plates from?

A

dorsal horns of grey matter

40
Q

what do the ventral horns form from?

A

basal plate

41
Q

how do ventral nerves grow?

A

outwards from cell bodies

42
Q

fiber which carry information fro the brain outwards are called what?

A

efferent

43
Q

nerves which travel to the CNS are called what?

A

afferent

44
Q

how do the crest cells from dorsal root ganglia/

A

they congregate either side of the developing spinal cord as a series of cel bodies

45
Q

how do dorsal root ganglia grow?

A

they have projections which grow into CS

46
Q

nerves which grow into the CNS?

A

dorsal root sensory afferent nerves

47
Q

what do you get when a dorsal root merges with a ventral root?

A

mixed spinal nerve

48
Q

what is the innervation of the cranial nerve found in pharyngeal arch 1?

A

trigeminal

49
Q

what is the innervation of the cranial nerve found in pharyngeal arch 2?

A

facial

50
Q

what is the innervation of the cranial nerve found in pharyngeal arch 3?

A

glossopharyngeal

51
Q

what is the innervation of the cranial nerve found in pharyngeal arch 4?

A

vagus

block 5 Anna (16 decks)

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