block 5 lecture 2 Flashcards
what kind of symmetry does the brain have?
bilteral
what is he line running down the center of the brain called?
midline
what two things is the CNS composed of?
cranium and vertebrea
what is the 4th germ layer in the embryo called?
neural crest cells
layers of the trilaminar disk?
amniotic cavity ectoderm mesoderm endoderm yolk sac
what does the thickening of the ectoderm along the mid line form?
central nervous system
the CNS develops a part of ectoderm, what is this specialised region called?
neuroectoderm
what is the boundary called between neuroectoderm and other ectoderm?
neuroectoderm border
during early development what happens to the neuroectoderm?
the midline pushes down to form a gully, the neuoectoderm border forms ridges, these are the neural crest cells, the two neural crest ridges meet along the midline and form a tube, tube zps up where the ridges have met
what happens to the neural crest cells once the neural tube has formed?
the ridges disintergrateand the mesenchyme cells migrate away
neural crest cells give rise to different tissues in the body such as…?
ganglia, neurons, pigment cells, cartilage, dentin, bone, adrenal glands and connective tissue
first three thickenings of the neual tubes precurser of the brain?
for brain, mid brain, hind brain
what are the two regions called that the for brain divides into?
telencephalon and diencephalon
what does the telencephalon develop into?
right and left cerebral hemisphere
what is the posterior part of the forbrain called?
diencephalon
what is the diencephalon the precurser of?
basal ganglia and the thalamus
why does the CNS need to fold?
because it s expanding but it is confined within the cranium
what is the fold call in early development in the mid brain?
cranial flexure
which part of the brain is the cervical flexure?
hind brain
what is the flexure in the pos called?
the pontine flexure
in development where do the first and second ventricles originate from?
the for brain the telencephalic vesicles
in development where does the third ventricle come from?
diencephalic vesicle
in development where does the 4th ventricle come from?
hind brain
what shape do the lateral ventricles take on?
C-shapes
what does the wall of the lateral ventricles make up?
fanix and the hypocampus
what are the two main types of tissue in the CNS?
grey matter and white matter
where there is a predominance of axons what colour does the tissue appear?
white matter
when cell bodies congregate what colour does the tissue appear?`
grey matter
what do the fibers running between the cortex and the brain stem need to pass through?
nuclei of basal ganglia and the diencephlon
what is the tract called allowing the fibers to pass through he basal ganglia and the diencephalon?
internal capsule
which part of the neural tube does the spinal cord develop from?
posterior end
which is the dorsal side?
side closest to the back
what are the two regions at the dorsal side of the developing neural tube?
alar plates
what are the two regions at the ventral side of the developing neural tube?
basal plates
there is structural and functional regionalisation in the developing spinal cord, what is the function of the dorsal end?
sensory info
there is structural and functional regionalisation in the developing spinal cord, what is the function of the ventral end?
motor
what is the region between the basal and alar pates called? and what are they associated with?
cell bodies the ANS
what is the hypertrophy of white matter around the developing spinal cord?
congregation of axons on the outside
what do alar plates from?
dorsal horns of grey matter
what do the ventral horns form from?
basal plate
how do ventral nerves grow?
outwards from cell bodies
fiber which carry information fro the brain outwards are called what?
efferent
nerves which travel to the CNS are called what?
afferent
how do the crest cells from dorsal root ganglia/
they congregate either side of the developing spinal cord as a series of cel bodies
how do dorsal root ganglia grow?
they have projections which grow into CS
nerves which grow into the CNS?
dorsal root sensory afferent nerves
what do you get when a dorsal root merges with a ventral root?
mixed spinal nerve
what is the innervation of the cranial nerve found in pharyngeal arch 1?
trigeminal
what is the innervation of the cranial nerve found in pharyngeal arch 2?
facial
what is the innervation of the cranial nerve found in pharyngeal arch 3?
glossopharyngeal
what is the innervation of the cranial nerve found in pharyngeal arch 4?
vagus
