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block 5 Anna > block 5 lecture 4 the nervous system > Flashcards

block 5 lecture 4 the nervous system Flashcards

1
Q

what is the nervous system?

A

the system of cells, tissues and organs that regulate the bodys responses to external and internal stimuli

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2
Q

in the nervous system what is communication via?

A

electrochemical signals

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3
Q

what do neurotransmitters do?

A

bridge the gap between neurons

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4
Q

differences between the nervous system and the endocrine system?

A

nervous: quick response, short lived, reversible and signals via action potentials
endocrine: slow response, long lasting, can be irreversible, signalling via hormones

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5
Q

why is the endocrine response slower?

A

you have to synthesize, release, transport before you can get an effect

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6
Q

what is involved in the CNS/

A

brain and spinal cord

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7
Q

what does the sensory nervous system do/

A

picks up stimuli

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8
Q

what are the unconscious receptors?

A

proprioceptive and interoceptive

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9
Q

what are the conscious receptors?

A

proprioceptive, kiensthetic, enteroceptors, teloreceptors and somatic

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10
Q

what do proprioceptors recognize?

A

body position

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11
Q

what do interoceptors recognize?

A

information from organs

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12
Q

what do kinesthetic receptors recognise?

A

touch, shape and consistency

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13
Q

what do enteroreceptors recognise?

A

pain and temperature

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14
Q

what do telereceptors recognise?

A

vision and hearing

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15
Q

what do somatic afferent carry?

A

information of external stimuli

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16
Q

what do visceral afferent carry?

A

information from internal stimuli

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17
Q

what is the functional unit of the nervous system?

A

neuron

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18
Q

what is a neuron?

A

cell body with dendrites picking up information and an axon which transmits information.

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19
Q

what is white matter?

A

axons (tracts)

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20
Q

what is grey matter?

A

collections of cell bodies

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21
Q

in the peripheral nervous system what are collection of cell bodies?

A

ganglia

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22
Q

below the mid brain what do we call: anterior, posterior, superior and inferior?

A

ventral, dorsal, rostral and caudal

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23
Q

above the mid brain what do we call: anterior, posterior, superior and inferior?

A

rostral, and caudal, ventral and dorsal

24
Q

what is the CNS encased in and why?

A

skull and vertebrae for protection

25
Q

what are the ifferent layers of connective tissue membranes in order?

A

dura mata, arachnoid mata and pia mata

26
Q

what is the subarachnoid space filled with/

A

cerebrospinal fluid

27
Q

what is the dura mata also known as?

A

pachymeninges

28
Q

what is the archanoid and pia mata also known as?

A

leptomeninges

29
Q

what is the potential space called between the bone and the membrane?

A

extradura space

30
Q

where is the subdural space?

A

between the dura and arachnoid

31
Q

what is between the arachnoid and pia mata

A

subarachnoid

32
Q

what is the space outside the vertebral column called?

A

epidural layer

33
Q

what is the epidural layer filed with?

A

internal vertebral venus plexus, fat and nervous tissue

34
Q

where is the grey mata in the brain

A

around the outside

35
Q

what is gyrii?

A

raised grey matter in the brain

36
Q

what is the grooves in the grey matter called?

A

sulci

37
Q

where in the brain are the cell bodies found?

A

cortex (outside)

38
Q

where is the brain is the white matter?

A

inside

39
Q

what are subcorticoids?

A

grey matter in white matter

40
Q

where is the cerebrum?

A

outside of the brain

41
Q

where is the cerebellum

A

back of the brain

42
Q

what is the telencephalon?

A

cerebral hemispheres, cerebral cortex, subcorticol white matter and basal gangia

43
Q

what is the diencephalon?

A

thalamus, hypothalamus, epithalamus and subthalamus

44
Q

what are the ventricles filled with in the cerebral hemispheres?

A

cerebralspinal fluid

45
Q

what is the diencephalona and the telencephalon called together?

A

prosencephalon - for brain

46
Q

what is the hind brain?

A

cerebellum - rhombencephalon

47
Q

what is the mesencephalon?

A

mid brain - pons and medulla oblongata

48
Q

what are denticulate ligaments?

A

elongations of pia mata through the arachnoid mata which anchors the spinal cord on either side

49
Q

where is grey an white matter in the spinal cord?

A

grey matter inside, white matter outside

50
Q

what do the spinal nerves branch to form/

A

dorsal ramus and ventral ramus

51
Q

what does the plexus of nerves help with?

A

distribution of nerves

52
Q

how many spinal segments are there?

A

33

53
Q

what is a dermatome?

A

area supplied by single spinal segment

54
Q

what supplies a an area of muscle?

A

myotome

55
Q

what are the different layers of coverings of axons?

A

endoneirium, perineurium and epineurium

block 5 Anna (16 decks)

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