block 5 lecture 4 the nervous system Flashcards
what is the nervous system?
the system of cells, tissues and organs that regulate the bodys responses to external and internal stimuli
in the nervous system what is communication via?
electrochemical signals
what do neurotransmitters do?
bridge the gap between neurons
differences between the nervous system and the endocrine system?
nervous: quick response, short lived, reversible and signals via action potentials
endocrine: slow response, long lasting, can be irreversible, signalling via hormones
why is the endocrine response slower?
you have to synthesize, release, transport before you can get an effect
what is involved in the CNS/
brain and spinal cord
what does the sensory nervous system do/
picks up stimuli
what are the unconscious receptors?
proprioceptive and interoceptive
what are the conscious receptors?
proprioceptive, kiensthetic, enteroceptors, teloreceptors and somatic
what do proprioceptors recognize?
body position
what do interoceptors recognize?
information from organs
what do kinesthetic receptors recognise?
touch, shape and consistency
what do enteroreceptors recognise?
pain and temperature
what do telereceptors recognise?
vision and hearing
what do somatic afferent carry?
information of external stimuli
what do visceral afferent carry?
information from internal stimuli
what is the functional unit of the nervous system?
neuron
what is a neuron?
cell body with dendrites picking up information and an axon which transmits information.
what is white matter?
axons (tracts)
what is grey matter?
collections of cell bodies
in the peripheral nervous system what are collection of cell bodies?
ganglia
below the mid brain what do we call: anterior, posterior, superior and inferior?
ventral, dorsal, rostral and caudal
above the mid brain what do we call: anterior, posterior, superior and inferior?
rostral, and caudal, ventral and dorsal
what is the CNS encased in and why?
skull and vertebrae for protection
what are the ifferent layers of connective tissue membranes in order?
dura mata, arachnoid mata and pia mata
what is the subarachnoid space filled with/
cerebrospinal fluid
what is the dura mata also known as?
pachymeninges
what is the archanoid and pia mata also known as?
leptomeninges
what is the potential space called between the bone and the membrane?
extradura space
where is the subdural space?
between the dura and arachnoid
what is between the arachnoid and pia mata
subarachnoid
what is the space outside the vertebral column called?
epidural layer
what is the epidural layer filed with?
internal vertebral venus plexus, fat and nervous tissue
where is the grey mata in the brain
around the outside
what is gyrii?
raised grey matter in the brain
what is the grooves in the grey matter called?
sulci
where in the brain are the cell bodies found?
cortex (outside)
where is the brain is the white matter?
inside
what are subcorticoids?
grey matter in white matter
where is the cerebrum?
outside of the brain
where is the cerebellum
back of the brain
what is the telencephalon?
cerebral hemispheres, cerebral cortex, subcorticol white matter and basal gangia
what is the diencephalon?
thalamus, hypothalamus, epithalamus and subthalamus
what are the ventricles filled with in the cerebral hemispheres?
cerebralspinal fluid
what is the diencephalona and the telencephalon called together?
prosencephalon - for brain
what is the hind brain?
cerebellum - rhombencephalon
what is the mesencephalon?
mid brain - pons and medulla oblongata
what are denticulate ligaments?
elongations of pia mata through the arachnoid mata which anchors the spinal cord on either side
where is grey an white matter in the spinal cord?
grey matter inside, white matter outside
what do the spinal nerves branch to form/
dorsal ramus and ventral ramus
what does the plexus of nerves help with?
distribution of nerves
how many spinal segments are there?
33
what is a dermatome?
area supplied by single spinal segment
what supplies a an area of muscle?
myotome
what are the different layers of coverings of axons?
endoneirium, perineurium and epineurium
