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block 5 Anna > BLOCK 5 LECTURE 10 MOTOR > Flashcards

BLOCK 5 LECTURE 10 MOTOR Flashcards

1
Q

what makes up the brain stem?

A

mid brain, pons, medulla oblongata

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2
Q

what is the channel through the mid brain called?

A

cerebrospinal aqueduct

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3
Q

what is behind the cerebroaqueduct?

A

tectum

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4
Q

where do the nerves in the midbrain originate from?

A

interpeducular fossa

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5
Q

what in on either side of the fossa?

A

peduncles

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6
Q

what are the two ridges on either side of the medulla called?

A

pyramids

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7
Q

what are the pyramids separated by?

A

medial sulcus

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8
Q

where are the nuclei for the first two cranial nerves?

A

for brain

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9
Q

where are the nuclei for cranial nerves 5-8?

A

pons

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10
Q

where are the nuclei for the cranial nerves 9-12?

A

medulla

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11
Q

what is the 4 pack on the dorsal suface of the midbrain?

A

colliculi

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12
Q

what is the only cranial nerve that comes out of the dorsal aspect of the CNS?

A

4th cranial nerve

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13
Q

what are the two neuron pathways in the descending tracts?

A

upper motor neurons and lower motor neurons

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14
Q

where do lower motor neurons have their cell body?

A

brain stem or spinal cord

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15
Q

where do lower motor neurons run to?

A

effector muscles

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16
Q

what happens in the reflex arc?

A

impulse enters the spinal cord via an interneuron and travels back via lower motor neurons

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17
Q

where do upper motor neurons originate?

A

cerebral cortex, cerebellum and brain stem

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18
Q

what are the structures of the internal capsule?

A

anterior limb, genu, posterior limb and retrolentiform area

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19
Q

with regards to the somatotropic arangement of the LMN, in dorsal columns what does a more medial fiber mean?

A

the more distal

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20
Q

how are the fibers running to the flexors and extensors arranged in the grey matter?

A

flexor fibers posterior

extensors are anterior

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21
Q

what is the ventromedial group of tracts for?

A

postural and girdle muscles

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22
Q

what are the dorsolateral tracts for?

A

distal muscles and fine movements

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23
Q

what are the ventromedial tracts?

A

pontine, tectal and vestibular

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24
Q

what are the dorsolateral tracts?

A

corticol, rubral and medullary

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25
Q

how does the pontine reticulo spinal tract run in the spinal cord?

A

ipsilaterally

26
Q

where do the pontine reticulo spinal tracts synapse?

A

multiple segments of the spinal cord

27
Q

what do the segments the pontine reticulo spinal tracts synapse with represent?

A

upper limb, trunk and lower limbs

28
Q

what does the pontine reticulo spinal tract do?

A

mediates large movements

29
Q

what is the other function of the pontine reticulo spinal tract?

A

they can also synapse onto the dorsal horn and modify sensory pulses - pulling hand away from the flame

30
Q

where do the pontine reticulo spinal tract synapse to have an effect?

A

anterior horn cells

31
Q

where does the tectospinal tract begin?

A

tectum

32
Q

where do the collicular nuclei run to in the tectospinal tract?

A

cervical spinal cord - segements that supply the muscle of the neck and shoulders

33
Q

what is the superior colliculi nuclei involved with in the tectospinal tract?

A

vision reflex

34
Q

what is the inferior colliculi nuclei involved with in the tectospinal tract?

A

auditory reflex

35
Q

where does the tectospinal tract decussate?

A

early

36
Q

what are the tectospinal tract for?

A

orientating flinching movements
ballistic movements
navigational

37
Q

where does the information come from for the vestibulospinal tract?

A

semi circle canals in the ears - uticle

38
Q

how does the vestibulospinal tract run?

A

remains ipsilateral

39
Q

where does the vestibulospinal tract run to?

A

all spinal segments

40
Q

what does the vestibulospinal trac supply?

A

anti gravity muscles - extensor

41
Q

what happens if you lose the ventromedial group?

A

you lose the ability to perform sudden changes in movement to correct posture

42
Q

where does the rubrospinal tract decussate?

A

early

43
Q

what does the rubrospinal tract run to?

A

muscles of the pectral girde

44
Q

what is the rubrospinal tract used for?

A

control and co-cordination of movement

45
Q

what do you get if you get a lesion of rubrospinal tract?

A

intention tremmor

impaired distal arm and hand movements

46
Q

what is the journey of the corticospinal tracts?

A

cortex to the internal capsule in the brain stem to the spinal cord

47
Q

in the corticospinal tracts how are the arm and face on the brain presented?

A

lateral

48
Q

in the corticospinal tracts how are the legs on the brain presented?

A

medially

49
Q

where do the corticospinal tracts pass through the internal capsule?

A

posterior limb

50
Q

how does the corticospinal tracts pass through the brainstem?

A

through the cerebral peduncles, basilar pons and pyramids

51
Q

where do most of the corticospinal tracts decusstae?

A

pyramids

52
Q

what are the corticospinal tracts called that decussate in the pyramids?

A

controlateral lateral corticospinal tracts

53
Q

what are the corticospinal tracts called that dont decussate in the pyramids?

A

anterior corticospinal tracts

54
Q

where do the anterior corticospinal tracts decussate?

A

at the spinal level

55
Q

what are the corticospinal tracts used for?

A

skilled voluntary motor movements

independant flexion of single distal movements

56
Q

what is babinskis sign?

A

stroke the foot everything flexes, if babinskis is poastive toes go up

57
Q

what happens in babinskis sign in children?

A

toes should go up

58
Q

why is babinskis sign different in children?

A

the corticospinal tracts are unmyelinated in the first 2 years after birth

59
Q

what happens when the hypothalaospinal tract pathway fails?

A

honors syndrome

60
Q

in suspected brain stem death, what do you test?

A

cranial nerves

block 5 Anna (16 decks)

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