Block 5: Drugs and the cardiovascular system Flashcards
What is the antidote for digoxin toxicity?
Digibind.
What is the antidote for calcium channel blocker overdose?
Activated charcoal and whole bowel irrigation.
What groups do cardiac stimulants include?
Adrenergic agonists/sympathomimetics, and cardiac glycosides.
What groups do antihypertensives include?
Beta blockers, calcium channel blockers, ACE inhibitors, diuretics, vasodilators, alpha 2 agonists, nitrates.
What groups are used to reduce vascular occlusions?
Anticoagulants, antiplatelets, thrombolytics.
What group are used to reduce atherosclerotic potentil?
Lipid lowering drugs.
What do cardiac stimulants do?
Directly act on the heart to improve heart function.
What do antihypertensives do?
Reduce the workload of the heart by reducing blood pressure.
What do drugs used to reduce vascular occlusion do?
Improve blood supply.
What do lipid lowering drugs do?
Reduce plasma cholesterol and triglyceride levels.
Inotropic effect is…
Where there is a change in the contractile force of the heart.
Chronotropic effect is…
Where there is a change in the heart rate.
When a drug increases the strength of a heart contraction this is a…
Positive inotrope.
When a drug decreases the strength of a heart contraction this is a…
Negative inotrope.
When a drug increases heart rate it is a…
Positive chronotrope.
When a drug decreases heart rate it is a…
Negative chronotrope.
What inotropic and chronotropic effects does digoxin have?
Positive inotropic and negative chronotropic.
When peripheral vasodilators act on the veins they…
Reduce preload so decrease cardiac output and tissue perfusion.
What is the drug of choice for pain relief during an MI and why?
Morphine because it is also a venodilator and decreases BP and therefore workload on the heart.
Nitrate vasodilators act mainly on the…
Veins.
Adrenaline, dopamine, and dobutamine are…
Sympathomimetics/Adrenergic agonists. Cardiac stimulant.
Digoxin is a…
Cardiac glycoside, cardiac stimulant.
Glyceryl trinitrate (GTN) and isosorbide mononitrate are…
Nitrates, peripheral vasodilators.
Cilizapril and quinapril are…
ACE inhibitors, antihypertensive.
Losasartan and candesartan are…
Angiotensin II receptor blockers (ARBs), antihypertensive.
Terazosin and doxazosin are…
Alpha adrenergic antagonists (blockers), antihypertensives
Methyldopa and clonidine are…
alpha 2 adrenergic agonists, antihypertensive.
Metoprolol and atenolol are…
Selective beta blockers, antihypertensive.
Carvedilol and labetalol are…
Non-selective beta blockers, antihypertensive.
Amlodipine and felodipine are…
Calcium channel blockers, antihypertensive.
Bendroflumethiazide and hydrochlorothiazide are…
Thiazides, diuretics
Frusemide is a…
Loop diuretic.
Spironolactone is a…
Potassium sparing diuretic.
Mannitol is a…
Osmotic diuretic.
Heparin, dalteparin, warfarin, and dabigatran are…
Anti-coagulants.
Aspirin and clopidogrel are…
Antiplatelets…
Streptokinase, tenecteplase, and TPA are…
Thrombolytics.
Simvastatin and atorvastatin are…
Statins (HMG-CoA reductase inhibitors), Lipid lowering drugs.
Bezafibrate is a…
Fibrate, lipid lowering drug.
Ezetimibe is a…
Cholesterol absorption inhibitor, lipid lowering drug.
What are the inotropic and chronotropic effects of beta blockers?
Negative.
What are the inotropic and chronotropic effects of calcium channel blockers?
Negative.
What does TPA stand for?
Tissue plasminogen activator.
What is the antidote for too much heparin?
Protamine sulphate.
What is fragmin?
A low molecular weight heparin. Longer half life, can be used by outpatients, less likely to cause thrombocytopenia and less monitoring needed.
Instead of digoxin, what are now the first line drugs for heart disease patients?
ACE inhibitors, diuretics, and beta blockers.
