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214.202 Pharmacology > Block 5: Drugs and the cardiovascular system > Flashcards

Block 5: Drugs and the cardiovascular system Flashcards

1
Q

What is the antidote for digoxin toxicity?

A

Digibind.

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2
Q

What is the antidote for calcium channel blocker overdose?

A

Activated charcoal and whole bowel irrigation.

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3
Q

What groups do cardiac stimulants include?

A

Adrenergic agonists/sympathomimetics, and cardiac glycosides.

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4
Q

What groups do antihypertensives include?

A

Beta blockers, calcium channel blockers, ACE inhibitors, diuretics, vasodilators, alpha 2 agonists, nitrates.

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5
Q

What groups are used to reduce vascular occlusions?

A

Anticoagulants, antiplatelets, thrombolytics.

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6
Q

What group are used to reduce atherosclerotic potentil?

A

Lipid lowering drugs.

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7
Q

What do cardiac stimulants do?

A

Directly act on the heart to improve heart function.

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8
Q

What do antihypertensives do?

A

Reduce the workload of the heart by reducing blood pressure.

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9
Q

What do drugs used to reduce vascular occlusion do?

A

Improve blood supply.

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10
Q

What do lipid lowering drugs do?

A

Reduce plasma cholesterol and triglyceride levels.

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11
Q

Inotropic effect is…

A

Where there is a change in the contractile force of the heart.

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12
Q

Chronotropic effect is…

A

Where there is a change in the heart rate.

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13
Q

When a drug increases the strength of a heart contraction this is a…

A

Positive inotrope.

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14
Q

When a drug decreases the strength of a heart contraction this is a…

A

Negative inotrope.

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15
Q

When a drug increases heart rate it is a…

A

Positive chronotrope.

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16
Q

When a drug decreases heart rate it is a…

A

Negative chronotrope.

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17
Q

What inotropic and chronotropic effects does digoxin have?

A

Positive inotropic and negative chronotropic.

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18
Q

When peripheral vasodilators act on the veins they…

A

Reduce preload so decrease cardiac output and tissue perfusion.

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19
Q

What is the drug of choice for pain relief during an MI and why?

A

Morphine because it is also a venodilator and decreases BP and therefore workload on the heart.

20
Q

Nitrate vasodilators act mainly on the…

A

Veins.

21
Q

Adrenaline, dopamine, and dobutamine are…

A

Sympathomimetics/Adrenergic agonists. Cardiac stimulant.

22
Q

Digoxin is a…

A

Cardiac glycoside, cardiac stimulant.

23
Q

Glyceryl trinitrate (GTN) and isosorbide mononitrate are…

A

Nitrates, peripheral vasodilators.

24
Q

Cilizapril and quinapril are…

A

ACE inhibitors, antihypertensive.

25
Q

Losasartan and candesartan are…

A

Angiotensin II receptor blockers (ARBs), antihypertensive.

26
Q

Terazosin and doxazosin are…

A

Alpha adrenergic antagonists (blockers), antihypertensives

27
Q

Methyldopa and clonidine are…

A

alpha 2 adrenergic agonists, antihypertensive.

28
Q

Metoprolol and atenolol are…

A

Selective beta blockers, antihypertensive.

29
Q

Carvedilol and labetalol are…

A

Non-selective beta blockers, antihypertensive.

30
Q

Amlodipine and felodipine are…

A

Calcium channel blockers, antihypertensive.

31
Q

Bendroflumethiazide and hydrochlorothiazide are…

A

Thiazides, diuretics

32
Q

Frusemide is a…

A

Loop diuretic.

33
Q

Spironolactone is a…

A

Potassium sparing diuretic.

34
Q

Mannitol is a…

A

Osmotic diuretic.

35
Q

Heparin, dalteparin, warfarin, and dabigatran are…

A

Anti-coagulants.

36
Q

Aspirin and clopidogrel are…

A

Antiplatelets…

37
Q

Streptokinase, tenecteplase, and TPA are…

A

Thrombolytics.

38
Q

Simvastatin and atorvastatin are…

A

Statins (HMG-CoA reductase inhibitors), Lipid lowering drugs.

39
Q

Bezafibrate is a…

A

Fibrate, lipid lowering drug.

40
Q

Ezetimibe is a…

A

Cholesterol absorption inhibitor, lipid lowering drug.

41
Q

What are the inotropic and chronotropic effects of beta blockers?

A

Negative.

42
Q

What are the inotropic and chronotropic effects of calcium channel blockers?

A

Negative.

43
Q

What does TPA stand for?

A

Tissue plasminogen activator.

44
Q

What is the antidote for too much heparin?

A

Protamine sulphate.

45
Q

What is fragmin?

A

A low molecular weight heparin. Longer half life, can be used by outpatients, less likely to cause thrombocytopenia and less monitoring needed.

46
Q

Instead of digoxin, what are now the first line drugs for heart disease patients?

A

ACE inhibitors, diuretics, and beta blockers.

214.202 Pharmacology (9 decks)

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