Block 5: Drugs and the cardiovascular system

Question 1

What is the antidote for digoxin toxicity?

Answer 1

Digibind.

Question 2

What is the antidote for calcium channel blocker overdose?

Answer 2

Activated charcoal and whole bowel irrigation.

Question 3

What groups do cardiac stimulants include?

Answer 3

Adrenergic agonists/sympathomimetics, and cardiac glycosides.

Question 4

What groups do antihypertensives include?

Answer 4

Beta blockers, calcium channel blockers, ACE inhibitors, diuretics, vasodilators, alpha 2 agonists, nitrates.

Question 5

What groups are used to reduce vascular occlusions?

Answer 5

Anticoagulants, antiplatelets, thrombolytics.

Question 6

What group are used to reduce atherosclerotic potentil?

Answer 6

Lipid lowering drugs.

Question 7

What do cardiac stimulants do?

Answer 7

Directly act on the heart to improve heart function.

Question 8

What do antihypertensives do?

Answer 8

Reduce the workload of the heart by reducing blood pressure.

Question 9

What do drugs used to reduce vascular occlusion do?

Answer 9

Improve blood supply.

Question 10

What do lipid lowering drugs do?

Answer 10

Reduce plasma cholesterol and triglyceride levels.

Question 11

Inotropic effect is…

Answer 11

Where there is a change in the contractile force of the heart.

Question 12

Chronotropic effect is…

Answer 12

Where there is a change in the heart rate.

Question 13

When a drug increases the strength of a heart contraction this is a…

Answer 13

Positive inotrope.

Question 14

When a drug decreases the strength of a heart contraction this is a…

Answer 14

Negative inotrope.

Question 15

When a drug increases heart rate it is a…

Answer 15

Positive chronotrope.

Question 16

When a drug decreases heart rate it is a…

Answer 16

Negative chronotrope.

Question 17

What inotropic and chronotropic effects does digoxin have?

Answer 17

Positive inotropic and negative chronotropic.

Question 18

When peripheral vasodilators act on the veins they…

Answer 18

Reduce preload so decrease cardiac output and tissue perfusion.

Question 19

What is the drug of choice for pain relief during an MI and why?

Answer 19

Morphine because it is also a venodilator and decreases BP and therefore workload on the heart.

Question 20

Nitrate vasodilators act mainly on the…

Answer 20

Veins.

Question 21

Adrenaline, dopamine, and dobutamine are…

Answer 21

Sympathomimetics/Adrenergic agonists. Cardiac stimulant.

Question 22

Digoxin is a…

Answer 22

Cardiac glycoside, cardiac stimulant.

Question 23

Glyceryl trinitrate (GTN) and isosorbide mononitrate are…

Answer 23

Nitrates, peripheral vasodilators.

Question 24

Cilizapril and quinapril are…

Answer 24

ACE inhibitors, antihypertensive.

Question 25

Losasartan and candesartan are...

Answer 25

Angiotensin II receptor blockers (ARBs), antihypertensive.

Question 26

Terazosin and doxazosin are...

Answer 26

Alpha adrenergic antagonists (blockers), antihypertensives

Question 27

Methyldopa and clonidine are...

Answer 27

alpha 2 adrenergic agonists, antihypertensive.

Question 28

Metoprolol and atenolol are...

Answer 28

Selective beta blockers, antihypertensive.

Question 29

Carvedilol and labetalol are...

Answer 29

Non-selective beta blockers, antihypertensive.

Question 30

Amlodipine and felodipine are...

Answer 30

Calcium channel blockers, antihypertensive.

Question 31

Bendroflumethiazide and hydrochlorothiazide are...

Answer 31

Thiazides, diuretics

Question 32

Frusemide is a...

Answer 32

Loop diuretic.

Question 33

Spironolactone is a...

Answer 33

Potassium sparing diuretic.

Question 34

Mannitol is a...

Answer 34

Osmotic diuretic.

Question 35

Heparin, dalteparin, warfarin, and dabigatran are...

Answer 35

Anti-coagulants.

Question 36

Aspirin and clopidogrel are...

Answer 36

Antiplatelets...

Question 37

Streptokinase, tenecteplase, and TPA are...

Answer 37

Thrombolytics.

Question 38

Simvastatin and atorvastatin are...

Answer 38

Statins (HMG-CoA reductase inhibitors), Lipid lowering drugs.

Question 39

Bezafibrate is a...

Answer 39

Fibrate, lipid lowering drug.

Question 40

Ezetimibe is a...

Answer 40

Cholesterol absorption inhibitor, lipid lowering drug.

Question 41

What are the inotropic and chronotropic effects of beta blockers?

Answer 41

Negative.

Question 42

What are the inotropic and chronotropic effects of calcium channel blockers?

Answer 42

Negative.

Question 43

What does TPA stand for?

Answer 43

Tissue plasminogen activator.

Question 44

What is the antidote for too much heparin?

Answer 44

Protamine sulphate.

Question 45

What is fragmin?

Answer 45

A low molecular weight heparin. Longer half life, can be used by outpatients, less likely to cause thrombocytopenia and less monitoring needed.

Question 46

Instead of digoxin, what are now the first line drugs for heart disease patients?

Answer 46

ACE inhibitors, diuretics, and beta blockers.