Block 2: Chemotherapeutic drugs and pain relief Flashcards
- Overview of chemotherapeutic drugs - Antibiotics - Antiseptics - Antiprotozoals - Antifungals - Antivirals - Anticancer drugs
Drugs that work to kill or retard the growth of cells are…
Chemotherapeutic drugs eg. antimicrobials or anticancer drugs.
Antibacterial, antifungal, antiprotozoal, and antiviral are all…
Antimicrobial drugs.
If something kills an organism or cell it is…
cidal
If something retards the growth of an organism or cell and allows the host to get rid of the organism or cell it is…
Static.
If a drug is only effective against a few species then it has a…
Narrow spectrum of activity.
If a drug is effective against a wide range of species then it has a…
Broad spectrum of activity.
What features of microbes or cells are chemotherapeutic drugs designed to attack?
Cell walls, different ribosomal structures, and unique enzymes.
As a general rule, drugs that inhibit cell wall synthesis or disrupt the cell membrane are…
Cidal.
As a general rule, drugs that inhibit protein synthesis or interfere with nucleic acid synthesis are…
Static.
Allergic or hypersensitivity reactions, superinfection, and organ toxicity are…
Common adverse effects.
A substance produced by a microorganism that is effective in killing or inhibiting the growth of other microorganisms is an…
Antibiotic.
Penicillin, amoxicillin, flucloxacillin, and augmentin belong to which group?
Penicillins - Antibiotics
What group does cefalexin belong to?
Cephalosporins - Antibiotics
What group does gentamicin belong to?
Aminoglycosides - Antibiotics.
What group does erythromycin and clarithromycin belong to?
Macrolides - Antibiotics.
What group does doxycycline belong to?
Tetracyclines - Antibiotics
What group does ciprofloxacin belong to?
Quinolones - Antibiotics.
Decreases drug resistance, increases destruction of cancer cells, and reduces drug toxicity are…
Advantages of cocktail therapy.
—- are used to kill or inhibit growth of microorganisms on the human being.
Antiseptics.
—- are used to kill or inhibit growth of microorganisms on inanimate surfaces.
Disinfectants.
Something which controls pain by blocking pain pathways without loss of sensation is…
Analgesia
What is the mode of action of opioids?
To bind to opioid receptors and reduce the release of substance P which then supresses the pain message being sent from the CNS to the PNS.
The taking of a drug in damaging quantities or inappropriately is called…
Drug misuse.
When the response to a drug is decreased so that a larger dose is required to achieve the same effect this is called…
Tolerance.
The physiological adaptation to prolonged presence of a drug in the body is called…
Physical dependency. As a consequence withdrawal or rebound symptoms (often opposite of the drug effects) occur if the drug is stopped suddenly.
The continued compulsive use of drugs in spite of adverse health or social consequences is called…
Addiction.
Step 1 of the WHO analgesic ladder is…
Paracetamol and/or NSAID
Step 2 of the WHO analgesic ladder is…
Add a weak opioid for mild to moderate pain - codeine or tramadol.
Step 3 of the WHO analgesic ladder is…
Change to a strong opioid for moderate to severe pain - morphine, fentanyl, oxycodone.
What is the antidote for an opioid overdose?
Naloxone
