Block 2: Chemotherapeutic drugs and pain relief

Question 1

Drugs that work to kill or retard the growth of cells are…

Answer 1

Chemotherapeutic drugs eg. antimicrobials or anticancer drugs.

Question 2

Antibacterial, antifungal, antiprotozoal, and antiviral are all…

Answer 2

Antimicrobial drugs.

Question 3

If something kills an organism or cell it is…

Answer 3

cidal

Question 4

If something retards the growth of an organism or cell and allows the host to get rid of the organism or cell it is…

Answer 4

Static.

Question 5

If a drug is only effective against a few species then it has a…

Answer 5

Narrow spectrum of activity.

Question 6

If a drug is effective against a wide range of species then it has a…

Answer 6

Broad spectrum of activity.

Question 7

What features of microbes or cells are chemotherapeutic drugs designed to attack?

Answer 7

Cell walls, different ribosomal structures, and unique enzymes.

Question 8

As a general rule, drugs that inhibit cell wall synthesis or disrupt the cell membrane are…

Answer 8

Cidal.

Question 9

As a general rule, drugs that inhibit protein synthesis or interfere with nucleic acid synthesis are…

Answer 9

Static.

Question 10

Allergic or hypersensitivity reactions, superinfection, and organ toxicity are…

Answer 10

Common adverse effects.

Question 11

A substance produced by a microorganism that is effective in killing or inhibiting the growth of other microorganisms is an…

Answer 11

Antibiotic.

Question 12

Penicillin, amoxicillin, flucloxacillin, and augmentin belong to which group?

Answer 12

Penicillins - Antibiotics

Question 13

What group does cefalexin belong to?

Answer 13

Cephalosporins - Antibiotics

Question 14

What group does gentamicin belong to?

Answer 14

Aminoglycosides - Antibiotics.

Question 15

What group does erythromycin and clarithromycin belong to?

Answer 15

Macrolides - Antibiotics.

Question 16

What group does doxycycline belong to?

Answer 16

Tetracyclines - Antibiotics

Question 17

What group does ciprofloxacin belong to?

Answer 17

Quinolones - Antibiotics.

Question 18

Decreases drug resistance, increases destruction of cancer cells, and reduces drug toxicity are…

Answer 18

Advantages of cocktail therapy.

Question 19

—- are used to kill or inhibit growth of microorganisms on the human being.

Answer 19

Antiseptics.

Question 20

—- are used to kill or inhibit growth of microorganisms on inanimate surfaces.

Answer 20

Disinfectants.

Question 21

Something which controls pain by blocking pain pathways without loss of sensation is…

Answer 21

Analgesia

Question 22

What is the mode of action of opioids?

Answer 22

To bind to opioid receptors and reduce the release of substance P which then supresses the pain message being sent from the CNS to the PNS.

Question 23

The taking of a drug in damaging quantities or inappropriately is called…

Answer 23

Drug misuse.

Question 24

When the response to a drug is decreased so that a larger dose is required to achieve the same effect this is called…

Answer 24

Tolerance.

Question 25

The physiological adaptation to prolonged presence of a drug in the body is called…

Answer 25

Physical dependency. As a consequence withdrawal or rebound symptoms (often opposite of the drug effects) occur if the drug is stopped suddenly.

Question 26

The continued compulsive use of drugs in spite of adverse health or social consequences is called…

Answer 26

Addiction.

Question 27

Step 1 of the WHO analgesic ladder is…

Answer 27

Paracetamol and/or NSAID

Question 28

Step 2 of the WHO analgesic ladder is…

Answer 28

Add a weak opioid for mild to moderate pain - codeine or tramadol.

Question 29

Step 3 of the WHO analgesic ladder is…

Answer 29

Change to a strong opioid for moderate to severe pain - morphine, fentanyl, oxycodone.

Question 30

What is the antidote for an opioid overdose?

Answer 30

Naloxone