Block 3: Drugs and the respiratory system Flashcards
What group do salbutamol and terbutaline belong to and when are they used?
B2 adrenergic agonists - short acting bronchodilator. For use in acute asthma attacks.
What group do formoterol and salmeterol belong to and when are they used?
B2 adrenergic agonists - long acting bronchodilator. Used for symptom control.
What is the mode of action for B2 adrenergic agonists?
To stimulate the B2 receptors on the bronchial smooth muscles and stimulate a sympathetic nervous system response causing bronchodilation.
What group does ipratropium belong to?
Antimuscarinic, short acting bronchodilator.
What group does tiotropium and glycopyrronium belong to?
Antimuscarinic, long acting bronchodilator.
What is the mode of action of antimuscarinics?
To block muscarinic receptors and inhibit the parasympathetic nervous response.
What group does theophylline belong to?
Methylxanthines, bronchodilator.
What is the mode of action of methylxanthines?
Inhibits the enzyme that breaks down cAMP, which results in bronchodilation.
What group do fluticasone and budesonide belong to?
Inhaled corticosteriods, anti-inflammatory.
What group do prednisone and prednisolone belong to?
Systemic corticosterioids, anti-inflammatory.
What is the mode of action of steroidal anti-inflammatories?
Inhibits the rupture of mast cells decreases the inflammatory mediators, suppresses antibody production and immune cells.
What group does sodium cromoglicate belong to?
Mast cell stabiliser, anti-inflammatory.
What is the mode of action of a mast cell stabiliser?
To prevent the release of inflammatory mediators from mast cells.
What group does montelukast belong to?
Leukotriene receptor antagonist, anti-inflammatory.
What is the mode of action of leukotrine receptor antagonists?
Blocks the action of inflammatory mediators therefore alleviating symptoms.
