Block 1: Concepts of pharmacology Flashcards
A chemical that leads to changes in cellular and physiological function is a…
Drug.
The medical context for drugs is to…
Cure, control, and alleviate symptoms.
What are the four main types of adverse drug reactions?
Augmented, bizarre, continuous, and delayed.
The smallest dose to elicit a therapeutic response and the largest dose that can be tolerated without excessive adverse effects is the…
Therapeutic dose.
The way the body acts on the drug once it is administered is…
Pharmacokinetics.
The 4 processes of pharmacokinetics are
Absorption, distribution, metabolism, and excretion.
Lipid soluble, not charged/non-ionised, and small size are…
Ideal drug characteristics.
Movement from areas of high concentration to areas of low concentration until and equilibrium is reached is…
Passive diffusion. Most drug are passive.
Requires a carrier mediated transport is…
Active diffusion. Not many drugs use this as it requires energy.
The movement of a drug from its site of administration into the blood is…
Absorption.
The movement of a drug throughout the body is…
Distribution.
The chemical modification of a drug is…
Metabolism.
The unchanged drug or metabolite removed from the body is…
Excretion.
The main organ for metabolism is…
The liver.
The main organ for excretion is…
The kidneys. Most drugs are excreted in the urine, some in faeces.
The percentage of administered drug dose that reaches systemic circulation is…
Bioavailability.
The amount of time required for the plasma concentration of a drug to decrease by 50% after discontinuance of the drug is…
The drug half life.
The study of biochemical and physiological effects of drugs as well as their mechanism of action is…
Pharmacodynamics.
The mechanism by which the drug exerts its effect on the body is the…
Mode of action.
The end result of the drug action is the…
Therapeutic action.
Drugs that bind to a receptor and produce a response in the cell are…
Agonists.
Drugs that bind to receptors but do not produce a response in the cell are…
Antagonists. They block or stop what normally happens to the receptor.
The study of the role of genes in determining drug metabolism is…
Pharmacogenetics.
If the drugs absorption is decreased in the presence of food then you should…
Administer on an empty stomach.
If the drugs absorption is increased in the presence of food then you should…
Administer with food.
If a drug-drug interaction increases the therapeutic effect or increases adverse effects this is…
Potentiation.
If a drug-drug interaction decreases therapeutic effect or decreases adverse effects this is…
Inhibition.
When the concentration of a drug is is greatly reduced before it reaches the systemic circulation this is due to…
First pass metabolism.
