Block 3: Drugs and the ANS Flashcards
Acetycholine always binds to a —- receptor.
Cholinergic.
Drugs that bind to adrenergic receptors on effectors and stimulate a fight/flight response are…
Adrenergic agonists and sympathomimetics.
Drugs that bind to adrenergic receptors on effectors and block a fight/flight response are…
Adrenergic antagonists and sympatholytics.
Drugs that bind to muscarinic receptors on effectors and stimulate a rest/digest response are…
Cholinergic/muscarinic agonists and parasympathomimetics.
Drugs that bind to muscarinic receptors on effectors and block a rest/digest response are…
Cholinergic/muscarinic antagonist and parasympatholytics.
What receptor is found in sympathetic effector tissue (smooth muscle of blood vessels, iris dilator muscle, GI and urinary tract)
A1 receptors.
What receptor is found in the axon terminal of presynaptic neurons?
A2 receptors.
What receptor is found in sympathetic effector tissue (heart, adipose tissue, GI tract renal arterioles).
B1 receptors.
What receptor is found in sympathetic effect tissue (smooth muscle of bronchioles and uterus, blood vessels supplying the heart, skeletal muscle, brain and liver)
B2 receptors.
Adrenaline, noradrenaline, ephedrine, and dopamine are…
non-selective a and B agonists.
Phenylephrine is a…
Selective a1 agonist.
Dobutamine is a …
Selective B1 agonist.
Salbutamol and salmeterol are…
Selective B2 agonists.
Carvedilol and labetalol are…
Non-selective B blockers.
Metoprolol and atenolol are…
Selective B1 blockers.
Clonidine and apraclonidine are…
Selective a2 agonists.
What is the mode of action of non-selective agonists?
To bind to a and B receptors and stimulate a sympathetic nervous system response.
What are the clinical uses of non-selective agonists?
Treatment of cardiac arrest, hypotension, shock. Management of acute anaphylaxis.
What is the mode of action of a1 agonists?
To bind to a1 receptors and stimulate a sympathetic nervous system response.
What are the clinical uses of a1 agonists?
Treat hypotension, nasal congestion, red eyes.
What are the common adverse effects of a1 agonists?
Hypertension, blurred vision, constipation, urinary retention.
What is the mode of action for B1 agonists?
To bind to B1 receptors and stimulate a sympathetic nervous system response.
What is the mode of action for B2 agonists?
To bind to B2 receptors and stimulate a sympathetic nervous system response.
What is the mode of action for B antagonists/ Beta blockers?
To bind to B receptors and block a sympathetic nervous system response.
—- receptors are found in the brain, autonomic ganglia, neuromuscular junction, and the adrenal medulla.
Nicotinic.
—- receptors are found in all parasympathetic effectors and in some cholinergic sympathetic effectors - sweat glands and blood vessels of skeletal muscle.
Muscarinic.
Acetylcholine and pilocarpine are…
Muscarinic agonists.
Nicotine and suxamethonium are…
Nicotinic agonists.
Atropine, benzatropine, ipratropium, glycopyrronium, and hyoscine are…
Antimuscarinics/ anticholinergics/ muscarinic antagonists.
Rocuronium is a…
Nicotinic antagonist.
Pyridostigmine and neostigmine are…
Anticholinesterases.
What is the mode of action of muscarinic agonists?
To bind to muscarinic receptors and stimulate a parasympathetic nervous system response.
What is the mode of action of nicotinic agonists?
To bind to nicotinic receptors and mimic acetylcholine.
What is the mode of action of anticholinesterase drugs?
To inhibit the enzyme acetylcholine esterase, which increases the amount of ACh and therefore cholinergic effects.
What is the mode of action of muscarnic antagonists?
To bind to muscarinic receptors and block ACh from binding which inhibits a parasympathetic response.
What is the mode of action of nicotinic antagonists?
To bind to nicotine receptors at the neuromuscular junction and block ACh from binding causing paralysis of the muscle.
