Block 3: Drugs and the ANS

Question 1

Acetycholine always binds to a —- receptor.

Answer 1

Cholinergic.

Question 2

Drugs that bind to adrenergic receptors on effectors and stimulate a fight/flight response are…

Answer 2

Adrenergic agonists and sympathomimetics.

Question 3

Drugs that bind to adrenergic receptors on effectors and block a fight/flight response are…

Answer 3

Adrenergic antagonists and sympatholytics.

Question 4

Drugs that bind to muscarinic receptors on effectors and stimulate a rest/digest response are…

Answer 4

Cholinergic/muscarinic agonists and parasympathomimetics.

Question 5

Drugs that bind to muscarinic receptors on effectors and block a rest/digest response are…

Answer 5

Cholinergic/muscarinic antagonist and parasympatholytics.

Question 6

What receptor is found in sympathetic effector tissue (smooth muscle of blood vessels, iris dilator muscle, GI and urinary tract)

Answer 6

A1 receptors.

Question 7

What receptor is found in the axon terminal of presynaptic neurons?

Answer 7

A2 receptors.

Question 8

What receptor is found in sympathetic effector tissue (heart, adipose tissue, GI tract renal arterioles).

Answer 8

B1 receptors.

Question 9

What receptor is found in sympathetic effect tissue (smooth muscle of bronchioles and uterus, blood vessels supplying the heart, skeletal muscle, brain and liver)

Answer 9

B2 receptors.

Question 10

Adrenaline, noradrenaline, ephedrine, and dopamine are…

Answer 10

non-selective a and B agonists.

Question 11

Phenylephrine is a…

Answer 11

Selective a1 agonist.

Question 12

Dobutamine is a …

Answer 12

Selective B1 agonist.

Question 13

Salbutamol and salmeterol are…

Answer 13

Selective B2 agonists.

Question 14

Carvedilol and labetalol are…

Answer 14

Non-selective B blockers.

Question 15

Metoprolol and atenolol are…

Answer 15

Selective B1 blockers.

Question 16

Clonidine and apraclonidine are…

Answer 16

Selective a2 agonists.

Question 17

What is the mode of action of non-selective agonists?

Answer 17

To bind to a and B receptors and stimulate a sympathetic nervous system response.

Question 18

What are the clinical uses of non-selective agonists?

Answer 18

Treatment of cardiac arrest, hypotension, shock. Management of acute anaphylaxis.

Question 19

What is the mode of action of a1 agonists?

Answer 19

To bind to a1 receptors and stimulate a sympathetic nervous system response.

Question 20

What are the clinical uses of a1 agonists?

Answer 20

Treat hypotension, nasal congestion, red eyes.

Question 21

What are the common adverse effects of a1 agonists?

Answer 21

Hypertension, blurred vision, constipation, urinary retention.

Question 22

What is the mode of action for B1 agonists?

Answer 22

To bind to B1 receptors and stimulate a sympathetic nervous system response.

Question 23

What is the mode of action for B2 agonists?

Answer 23

To bind to B2 receptors and stimulate a sympathetic nervous system response.

Question 24

What is the mode of action for B antagonists/ Beta blockers?

Answer 24

To bind to B receptors and block a sympathetic nervous system response.

Question 25

---- receptors are found in the brain, autonomic ganglia, neuromuscular junction, and the adrenal medulla.

Answer 25

Nicotinic.

Question 26

---- receptors are found in all parasympathetic effectors and in some cholinergic sympathetic effectors - sweat glands and blood vessels of skeletal muscle.

Answer 26

Muscarinic.

Question 27

Acetylcholine and pilocarpine are...

Answer 27

Muscarinic agonists.

Question 28

Nicotine and suxamethonium are...

Answer 28

Nicotinic agonists.

Question 29

Atropine, benzatropine, ipratropium, glycopyrronium, and hyoscine are...

Answer 29

Antimuscarinics/ anticholinergics/ muscarinic antagonists.

Question 30

Rocuronium is a...

Answer 30

Nicotinic antagonist.

Question 31

Pyridostigmine and neostigmine are...

Answer 31

Anticholinesterases.

Question 32

What is the mode of action of muscarinic agonists?

Answer 32

To bind to muscarinic receptors and stimulate a parasympathetic nervous system response.

Question 33

What is the mode of action of nicotinic agonists?

Answer 33

To bind to nicotinic receptors and mimic acetylcholine.

Question 34

What is the mode of action of anticholinesterase drugs?

Answer 34

To inhibit the enzyme acetylcholine esterase, which increases the amount of ACh and therefore cholinergic effects.

Question 35

What is the mode of action of muscarnic antagonists?

Answer 35

To bind to muscarinic receptors and block ACh from binding which inhibits a parasympathetic response.

Question 36

What is the mode of action of nicotinic antagonists?

Answer 36

To bind to nicotine receptors at the neuromuscular junction and block ACh from binding causing paralysis of the muscle.