Block 3 - Immune System Flashcards
aggregated nodules are made of blank
b lymphocytes
aggregated nodules of lymphocytes in pharyngeal region
tonsils
germinal centers are blank stained because of blank
lightly, immaturity
thin walled vessels that collect and transport intercellular fluid
lymphatics
lympatics have blank like veins
valves
lymphatics take lymph to and from blank
lymph nodes
largest lymphatic that is emptied into the venous system
thoracic duct
part of lymph node that is dense ct and continues as trabeculae
capsule
part of lymph node that has reticular cells, reticular fibers, and mixed phagocytic cells
stroma
reticular cells are aka
fibroblasts
reticular fibers are blank collagen
type 3
blank lymphatics bring lymph to the node
afferent
blank lymphatics bring lymph away from the node
efferent
layer of cortex that has nodules/b cells
outer
layer of cortex that has dense collection of t lymphocytes
inner
blank nodules have a circular solid mass of mature lymphocytes with some macrophages and dendritic cells
primary
blank nodules have a germinal center
secondary
part of lymph node that has cords of b lymphocytes and numerous large sinuses lined by endothelial and phagocytic cells
medulla
b lymphocytes become blank cells which become blank
plasma cells, antibodies
medulla involves the formation of blank lymphatics
efferent
large lymphocytes that differentiate into mature cells
immunoblasts
during maturation, lymphocytes get blank
smaller
blood vessels enter and exit lymph node at the blank
hilus
arteries become blank in cortex
capillaries
capillaries become blank in deep cortex
post capillary venules
circulating lymphocytes have surface markers
called blank that recognize surface markers
on the high endothelium and emigrate venule
to enter lymph node
selectins
lymph node produces blank and traps blank
lymphocytes/antibodies, bacteria/foreign matter
white spots of spleen
white pulp
red spots of spleen
red pulp
darkly stained spots of spleen are lymphocytes and make up the blank
white pulp
spleen has a similar structure to lymph node due to these
capsule, stroma
white pulp makes up 20 % of spleen and has these
b/t lymphocytes
red pulp two divisions of spleen
venous sinuses, splenic cords
cant tell divisions of red pulp of spleen apart because they both are full of blank
blood
there is no blank in spleen
medulla
this runs through t cell masses and lymphoid follicles
central artery
red pulp sinuses has minimal blank and is encircled by few reticular fibers
basal lamina
RBC become healthy in the splenic blank then squeeze into blank
cord, splenic sinus
narrow zone of modified red pulp adjacent to white pulp and receives blood from local small arterioles
marginal zone
marginal zone has blank sinuses and has blank presenting cells in the area
small, antigen
large bv in spleen are supported by blank
trabeculae
blood dumped into blank are exposed to local macrophages
splenic cords
blood cells are safe when passed into blank
splenic sinuses
blood flow pattern of spleen
Splenic artery –> trabecular artery –> central
artery (surrounded by lymphocytes) –> small
arteriole in red pulp –> penicilli arteries (which discharge/dump blood into splenic cord to enter sinuses via their slits) –> venule
draining sinus –> larger venule –> trabecular
vein –> splenic vein
spleen not only destroys aged rbc and produce lymphocytes, but it also sequesters blank to become blank
monocytes, macrophages
T lymphocytes come from blank
thymus
lymphocytes in thymus are cytologically isolated from blank
external stimuli
stroma of thymus is blank because it is derived from outpouchings of epithelium lining of the pharynx
epithelium
thymus release blank which teach immature lymphocytes how to become immune competent
cytokines
thymus has these cells forming the epithelial stroma of the thymus and are different from reticular cells and reticular fibers in lymph node and spleen
epithelial reticular cells
epithelial reticular cells of thymus are responsible for imparting blank of immature lymphocytes
immunocompetency
epithelial reticular cells form a blank barrier
blood-thymus
cortex of thymus has a solid dark staining mass of blank
lymphocytes
undifferentiating lymphocytes come from bone marrow, enter cortex and move toward blank as they mature
medulla
percent of T cells that are eliminated
95%
medullae of adjoining lobules of thymus look blank
continuous with each other
medulla of thymus stains blank due to blank
pale, fewer lymphocytes
unique focal, concentric clumps of epithelial reticular cells that become cornified… part of thymus
thymic/hassal’s corpuscles
hassall’s corpuscles increase with blank
age
as we get older, the concentration of blank diminishes and cortico medullary distinction is blank
lymphocytes, lost
two types of immunity performed by lymphocytes
humoral, cell mediated
blank immunity is manifested by production of antibodies by plasma cells
humoral
humoral immunity does not require cells presence for blank to react with blank
antibody, antigen
immunity where the cells presence is required as it performs a function like killing a cell
cell mediated immunity
two types of lymphocytes
T, B
origin of b cells in birds
bursa of fabricius
lymph nodes, spleen, etc are considered blank lymphoid organs since they don’t develop there
secondary
lymphoid organ attached to cloaca in birds
bursa of fabricius
human equivalent to bursa of fabricius
bone marrow
three types of t cells
helper, killer (cytotoxic), suppressor
percent of lymphocytes in blood that are t
80
percent of lymphocytes in blood that are b
15%
cant tell the difference between blank and blank lymphocytes
t,b
b cells only function in blank infection
bacterial
t cells function blank unlike b cells
intracellularly
cd 4 t cells are blank t cells
helper
cd8 t cells are blank t cells
cytotoxic
helper t cells help mark antigen for blank cells
t, and b
killer t cells also release blank which enter target cell and mess up metabolism so it undergoes apoptosis
granzymes
