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Botany > Block 3 - Immune System > Flashcards

Block 3 - Immune System Flashcards

1
Q

aggregated nodules are made of blank

A

b lymphocytes

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2
Q

aggregated nodules of lymphocytes in pharyngeal region

A

tonsils

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3
Q

germinal centers are blank stained because of blank

A

lightly, immaturity

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4
Q

thin walled vessels that collect and transport intercellular fluid

A

lymphatics

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5
Q

lympatics have blank like veins

A

valves

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6
Q

lymphatics take lymph to and from blank

A

lymph nodes

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7
Q

largest lymphatic that is emptied into the venous system

A

thoracic duct

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8
Q

part of lymph node that is dense ct and continues as trabeculae

A

capsule

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9
Q

part of lymph node that has reticular cells, reticular fibers, and mixed phagocytic cells

A

stroma

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10
Q

reticular cells are aka

A

fibroblasts

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11
Q

reticular fibers are blank collagen

A

type 3

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12
Q

blank lymphatics bring lymph to the node

A

afferent

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13
Q

blank lymphatics bring lymph away from the node

A

efferent

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14
Q

layer of cortex that has nodules/b cells

A

outer

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15
Q

layer of cortex that has dense collection of t lymphocytes

A

inner

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16
Q

blank nodules have a circular solid mass of mature lymphocytes with some macrophages and dendritic cells

A

primary

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17
Q

blank nodules have a germinal center

A

secondary

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18
Q

part of lymph node that has cords of b lymphocytes and numerous large sinuses lined by endothelial and phagocytic cells

A

medulla

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19
Q

b lymphocytes become blank cells which become blank

A

plasma cells, antibodies

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20
Q

medulla involves the formation of blank lymphatics

A

efferent

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21
Q

large lymphocytes that differentiate into mature cells

A

immunoblasts

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22
Q

during maturation, lymphocytes get blank

A

smaller

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23
Q

blood vessels enter and exit lymph node at the blank

A

hilus

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24
Q

arteries become blank in cortex

A

capillaries

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25
Q

capillaries become blank in deep cortex

A

post capillary venules

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26
Q

circulating lymphocytes have surface markers
called blank that recognize surface markers
on the high endothelium and emigrate venule
to enter lymph node

A

selectins

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27
Q

lymph node produces blank and traps blank

A

lymphocytes/antibodies, bacteria/foreign matter

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28
Q

white spots of spleen

A

white pulp

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29
Q

red spots of spleen

A

red pulp

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30
Q

darkly stained spots of spleen are lymphocytes and make up the blank

A

white pulp

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31
Q

spleen has a similar structure to lymph node due to these

A

capsule, stroma

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32
Q

white pulp makes up 20 % of spleen and has these

A

b/t lymphocytes

33
Q

red pulp two divisions of spleen

A

venous sinuses, splenic cords

34
Q

cant tell divisions of red pulp of spleen apart because they both are full of blank

A

blood

35
Q

there is no blank in spleen

A

medulla

36
Q

this runs through t cell masses and lymphoid follicles

A

central artery

37
Q

red pulp sinuses has minimal blank and is encircled by few reticular fibers

A

basal lamina

38
Q

RBC become healthy in the splenic blank then squeeze into blank

A

cord, splenic sinus

39
Q

narrow zone of modified red pulp adjacent to white pulp and receives blood from local small arterioles

A

marginal zone

40
Q

marginal zone has blank sinuses and has blank presenting cells in the area

A

small, antigen

41
Q

large bv in spleen are supported by blank

A

trabeculae

42
Q

blood dumped into blank are exposed to local macrophages

A

splenic cords

43
Q

blood cells are safe when passed into blank

A

splenic sinuses

44
Q

blood flow pattern of spleen

A

Splenic artery –> trabecular artery –> central
artery (surrounded by lymphocytes) –> small
arteriole in red pulp –> penicilli arteries (which discharge/dump blood into splenic cord to enter sinuses via their slits) –> venule
draining sinus –> larger venule –> trabecular
vein –> splenic vein

45
Q

spleen not only destroys aged rbc and produce lymphocytes, but it also sequesters blank to become blank

A

monocytes, macrophages

46
Q

T lymphocytes come from blank

A

thymus

47
Q

lymphocytes in thymus are cytologically isolated from blank

A

external stimuli

48
Q

stroma of thymus is blank because it is derived from outpouchings of epithelium lining of the pharynx

A

epithelium

49
Q

thymus release blank which teach immature lymphocytes how to become immune competent

A

cytokines

50
Q

thymus has these cells forming the epithelial stroma of the thymus and are different from reticular cells and reticular fibers in lymph node and spleen

A

epithelial reticular cells

51
Q

epithelial reticular cells of thymus are responsible for imparting blank of immature lymphocytes

A

immunocompetency

52
Q

epithelial reticular cells form a blank barrier

A

blood-thymus

53
Q

cortex of thymus has a solid dark staining mass of blank

A

lymphocytes

54
Q

undifferentiating lymphocytes come from bone marrow, enter cortex and move toward blank as they mature

A

medulla

55
Q

percent of T cells that are eliminated

A

95%

56
Q

medullae of adjoining lobules of thymus look blank

A

continuous with each other

57
Q

medulla of thymus stains blank due to blank

A

pale, fewer lymphocytes

58
Q

unique focal, concentric clumps of epithelial reticular cells that become cornified… part of thymus

A

thymic/hassal’s corpuscles

59
Q

hassall’s corpuscles increase with blank

A

age

60
Q

as we get older, the concentration of blank diminishes and cortico medullary distinction is blank

A

lymphocytes, lost

61
Q

two types of immunity performed by lymphocytes

A

humoral, cell mediated

62
Q

blank immunity is manifested by production of antibodies by plasma cells

A

humoral

63
Q

humoral immunity does not require cells presence for blank to react with blank

A

antibody, antigen

64
Q

immunity where the cells presence is required as it performs a function like killing a cell

A

cell mediated immunity

65
Q

two types of lymphocytes

A

T, B

66
Q

origin of b cells in birds

A

bursa of fabricius

67
Q

lymph nodes, spleen, etc are considered blank lymphoid organs since they don’t develop there

A

secondary

68
Q

lymphoid organ attached to cloaca in birds

A

bursa of fabricius

69
Q

human equivalent to bursa of fabricius

A

bone marrow

70
Q

three types of t cells

A

helper, killer (cytotoxic), suppressor

71
Q

percent of lymphocytes in blood that are t

A

80

72
Q

percent of lymphocytes in blood that are b

A

15%

73
Q

cant tell the difference between blank and blank lymphocytes

A

t,b

74
Q

b cells only function in blank infection

A

bacterial

75
Q

t cells function blank unlike b cells

A

intracellularly

76
Q

cd 4 t cells are blank t cells

A

helper

77
Q

cd8 t cells are blank t cells

A

cytotoxic

78
Q

helper t cells help mark antigen for blank cells

A

t, and b

79
Q

killer t cells also release blank which enter target cell and mess up metabolism so it undergoes apoptosis

A

granzymes

Botany (26 decks)

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