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Botany > Block 2 Cartilage & Bone > Flashcards

Block 2 Cartilage & Bone Flashcards

1
Q

fundamental ct cell

A

fibroblasts

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2
Q

stuff secreted by ct

A

extracellular matrix

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3
Q

hydrated, amorphus material; looks smooth, homogeneous under the microscope; has no form; typically gel-like

A

ground substance

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4
Q

long unbranched polysaccharide of repeating disaccharide units one of which is an amino sugar; eg hyaluronic acid; can have up to 25,000 disaccharide units; very hydrophilic, combine with much H₂O

A

gags

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5
Q

composed of a linear protein core (produced in rough ER) to which a large number of glycosaminoglycans attach; thus they look like bristles on a brush or have christmas tree shape

A

PGs

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6
Q

fasten various components of the extracellular matrix to one another including collagen and transmembrane proteins of the cells synthesizing fibers

A

glycoproteins

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7
Q

three proteins of ground substance

A

gags, pgs, glycoproteins

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8
Q

fibers of extracellular matrix

A

collagen/elastic

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9
Q

blank types of collagen exist

A

15

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10
Q

chondrocytes are in cavities called blank

A

lacunae

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11
Q

cartilage has blank blood vessels

A

no

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12
Q

3 types of cartilage

A

hyaline, elastic, fibro

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13
Q

type 2 collagen

A

hyaline/elastic

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14
Q

type 1 collagen

A

fibrocartilage

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15
Q

types of growth of cartilage

A

appositional, interstitial

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16
Q

most common cartilage and is in nose, long bones, trachea, bronchi

A

hyaline

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17
Q

hyaline cartilage has a blank surface for joints and a high blank

A

smooth, high tensile strength

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18
Q

elastic cartilage is similar to hyaline cartilage but it has elastic fibers and includes a blank

A

perichondrium

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19
Q

external ear, epiglottis, external and internal auditory meatus has blank

A

elastic cartilage

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20
Q

elastic cartilage cells are blank than hyaline cells and has blank intercellular matrix

A

larger, less

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21
Q

fibrocartilage is blank due to large amounts of collagen

A

acidophilic

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22
Q

iv discs, tmj disc, menisci, pubic symphysis all have

A

fibrocartilage

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23
Q

matrix of bone is blank by calcium phosphate in the form of hydroxyapatite crystals

A

mineralized

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24
Q

bone has type blank collagen

A

1

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25
Q

osteocytes reside in blank

A

lacunae

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26
Q

bone formation steps

A

fibroblast, osteoprogenitor, osteoblast, osteocyte

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27
Q

osteoblasts becomes blank in its own secretion and turn into osteocytes

A

trapped

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28
Q

bone matrix that is not yet mineralized

A

osteoid

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29
Q

cluster of embryonic connective tissue cells (mesenchyme) secrete matrix →bone

A

intramembranous ossification

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30
Q

a hyaline cartilage model of the desired bone is first made and it is then stepwise replaced by cells secrete matrix →bone

A

endochondral ossification

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31
Q

multinucleated cells that destroy bone

A

osteoclasts

32
Q

osteoclasts lie in depressions called blank

A

howships lacunae

33
Q

bone is laid down in layers called blank

A

lamellae

34
Q

first bone laid down; abundant osteocytes, irregular bundles of collagen, and is replaced by secondary bone

A

primary bone

35
Q

bone that develops inner and outer tables (plates) of dense bone with intervening space (diploe) containing spicules of bone (spongy bone) and marrow in between the spicules

A

flat

36
Q

external covering of bone

A

periosteum

37
Q

entire inner cavity of a bone is lined by blank

A

endosteum

38
Q

shaft of long bone

A

diaphysis

39
Q

most spongy bone occurs at ends of long bone called blank

A

epiphysis at either end

40
Q

spongy bone is aka

A

cancellous bone

41
Q

dense bone is aka blank bone

A

compact

42
Q

walls of bone is made of blank bone

A

compact

43
Q

end of epiphysis that articulates is covered with blank

A

hyaline cartilage

44
Q

this covers diaphysis

A

periosteum

45
Q

periosteum has a fibrous layer and and inner cellular layer (endosteum) that has blank and blank cells

A

osteoprogenitor/osteoblasts

46
Q

inserition of periosteum into bone fibers…

A

sharpeys

47
Q

periosteum is a dense blank tissue

A

collagenous ct

48
Q

holes of spongy bone can be filled by these

A

marrow, fat cells

49
Q

4 layers of bone outer to inner

A

periosteum, outer circumferential lamellae, inner circumferential lamellae, interstitial lamellae

50
Q

haversian canals contain blank

A

blood vessels

51
Q

target looking rings of layers

A

osteons

52
Q

interstitial lamellae simply separate blank

A

osteons/haversian canals

53
Q

transverse canals that have blood vessel running through from one canal to another

A

volkmans canal

54
Q

communication canals to share nourishment

A

canaliculi

55
Q

collagen fibers of a given lamella run blank to each other but are blank to those of adjacent lamellae

A

parallel, perpendicular

56
Q

compact bone mostly has blank

A

osteons

57
Q

hyaline cartilage model of a given bone is first made by blank and blank growth… then chondrocytes in the center blank… and blank increase in size and calcifies

A

appositional, interstitial…hypertrophy… lacunae

58
Q

a blank is when osteoblasts lay down bone on surface of cartilage model

A

bone collar

59
Q

calcified cartilage cells die due to lack of diffused nutrients; empty lacunae become future blank cavity of bone

A

marrow

60
Q

osteoclasts resorb calcified cartilage and bone complex which blank marrow cavity

A

enlarges

61
Q

endochondral bone formation replaces all cartilage of the blank but not at the blank

A

diaphysis, epiphyseal plates

62
Q

epiphyseal plates grow for this many years

A

18-20

63
Q

zone of epiphyseal plate that is a mass of hyaline cartilage with no marked mitotic activity

A

reserve cartilage

64
Q

zone of epiphyseal plate where chondrocytes are rapidly dividing, and there are isogenous cells parallel to direction of bone growth

A

proliferation

65
Q

zone of epiphyseal plate where chondrocytes mature, hypertrophy and accumulate glycogen

A

maturation/hypertrophy

66
Q

zone of epiphyseal plate where chondrocytes die and lacunae enlarge, cartilage matrix calcifies

A

calcification

67
Q

zone of epiphyseal plate where osteoprogenitor cells migrate into area, osteoblasts deposit bone on cartilage matrix, and there is resorption by osteoclasts

A

ossification

68
Q

as long as proliferation rate and resorption rate are equal, the bone grows in blank

A

length

69
Q

primary center of ossification is in the blank

A

diaphysis

70
Q

secondary centers of ossification are in the blank

A

epiphyses

71
Q

eventually after bone growth, the diaphysis and epiphysis become blank

A

continuous

72
Q

cartilage persists on the blank after total ossification

A

articular surface

73
Q

order of zones of maturation

A

resting, proliferation, hypertrophy,calcification

74
Q

immature bone has more blank than mature bone

A

osteocytes

75
Q

immature bone has less organized blank than mature bone

A

collagen

76
Q

appositional growth is growing blank

A

wider

77
Q

interstitial growth is growing blank

A

longer

Botany (26 decks)

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