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block 2 Anna > block 2 lecture 9 > Flashcards

block 2 lecture 9 Flashcards

1
Q

what are the 4 chambers of the heart?

A

left and right atrium and ventricles

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2
Q

what are the great vessels?

A

vessels which come of the heart

aorta, superior and inferior vena cava, pulmonary vessels

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3
Q

where do the pulmonary veins return blood to?

A

left atria

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4
Q

where does the vena cava supply blood to?

A

right atria

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5
Q

where does the heart sit?

A

middle mediastinum in the thoracic cavity

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6
Q

features of the right side of the heart?

A

straigh vertical

3rd-6th costal cartilages

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7
Q

how does the long axis of the heart travel?

A

infero laterally

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8
Q

features of the left side of the heart?

A

oblique

2nd costal cartilage - 5th costal cartilage

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9
Q

on the back where does the heart run?

A

5th-8th thoracic vertebra

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10
Q

what are the membranes that surround the heart?

A

pericardium

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11
Q

what is the outer most pericardium?

A

fibrous

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12
Q

what are the pericardium under the outer fibrous layer?

A

parietal and visceral

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13
Q

features of the parietal and visceral pericardium?

A

they are a continuous layer which reflects in on itself

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14
Q

what is the outermost layer of pericardium called?

A

epicardium (visceral)

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15
Q

what are the three layers of the heart?

A

epicardium
myocardium
endocardium

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16
Q

where is the pericardial cavity found?

A

between visceral and parietal pericardium

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17
Q

what is the pericardial cavity?

A

potential space

fluid to allow friction less movement

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18
Q

what are the different sinuses of the heart?

A

oblique pericardial sinus

transverse pericardial cavity

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19
Q

where is the oblique pericardial sinus?

A

on the back of the heart between pulmonary veins

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20
Q

where is the transverse pericardial sinus?

A

between the aorta and pulmonary trunk

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21
Q

what is the right border made up of?

A

right atrium

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22
Q

what is the left border made up of?

A

left ventricle

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23
Q

when are the borders of the heart important?

A

when looking at a radiograph

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24
Q

what is an auricle?

A

protrusion of the atria wall

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25
Q

what is the aortic knuckle?

A

aortic arch on chest radiograph

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26
Q

what do the atria do?

A

set the cardiac pace

receive blood and pass it on to ventricles

27
Q

what is the pace maker of the heart?

A

SAN

28
Q

where is the SAN?

A

right atria

29
Q

where is the AVN?

A

atria

30
Q

where does the right atria receive blood?

A

superior vena cava
inferior vena cava
coronary sinus

31
Q

where does the coronary sinus drain blood from?

A

coronary circulation

32
Q

what is the smooth part of the atria?

A

sinus venarum

33
Q

what is the sinus venarum derived from?

A

blood vessels embryonically

34
Q

what is the rough part of the atria covered with?

A

pectinate muscle

35
Q

what is the dividing line between smooth and rough atria walls?

A

cresta terminla

36
Q

whats inside the cresta terminala?

A

sinoatrial node

37
Q

what is the cresta terminala on the outside?

A

groove called sulcus terminalis

38
Q

what is the oval depression in the smooth wall called?

A

fossa ovalis

39
Q

what is the fossa ovalis?

A

depression in the smooth atria wall

derived from the connection between the atria in utero

40
Q

what is the fossa ovalis derived from?

A

faramen ovalae

41
Q

what is the left atrium supplied by?

A

the four pulmonary veins:

superior/inferior/left and right

42
Q

what is the valve between the right atria and ventricle?

A

tricuspid valve

43
Q

what is the valve between the left atria and ventricle?

A

bicuspid/mitral

44
Q

in the right ventricle what route does the blood take?

A

U shaped direction as it enters the pulmonary artery through the pulmonary trunk

45
Q

what is the pulmonary valve connected to?

A

cords tendonae

46
Q

what controls the cords tendonae?

A

papillary muscles

47
Q

what is below the papillary muscles?

A

rough area covered in trabculae carne

48
Q

what does the trabecula carnae do?

A

stops walls of the heart sticking together during systole

49
Q

what is the moderate band also known as?

A

septum marginal trabecular

50
Q

where does the bundle of hiss run?

A

septum marginal trabecular

51
Q

what funnels blood to the valve in the ventricles?

A

smooth funnel called infundibulum

52
Q

where do you find semi lunar valves?

A

between ventricles and the great vessels

53
Q

examples of semi lunar valves?

A

pulmonary and aortic

54
Q

how many cusps does the semi lunar valves have?

A

3

55
Q

what do the three cusps of the semi lunar valves form?

A

3 sinuses

56
Q

how many semi lunar cusps have coronary vessels coming off them?

A

2

57
Q

what are the 2 cusps of the semi lunar valve that give rise to coronary arteries?

A 
right aortic (anterior) sinus - right coronary sinus
left aortic (left posterior) sinus - left coronary artery
58
Q

when do the coronary arteries fill?

A

during diastole (relaxation of the heart)

59
Q

why cant the coronary arteries fill during systole?

A

the cusps of the vavles push against the wall of the aorta and close the opening

60
Q

where does the right coronary artery run?

A

aorta down the antrioventricular groove at the bottom it gives off the marginal artery which runs along the inferior border

61
Q

what shape does the right coronary artery and marginal artery form?

A

L shape

62
Q

why is the left coronary artery much shorter than the right?

A

bifurcates almost immediately

63
Q

what does the left coronary artery bifurcate into?

A

left circumflex and left anterior descending

64
Q

what are the three cardiac veins?

A

great
middle
small

block 2 Anna (10 decks)

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