block 2 lecture 9 Flashcards
what are the 4 chambers of the heart?
left and right atrium and ventricles
what are the great vessels?
vessels which come of the heart
aorta, superior and inferior vena cava, pulmonary vessels
where do the pulmonary veins return blood to?
left atria
where does the vena cava supply blood to?
right atria
where does the heart sit?
middle mediastinum in the thoracic cavity
features of the right side of the heart?
straigh vertical
3rd-6th costal cartilages
how does the long axis of the heart travel?
infero laterally
features of the left side of the heart?
oblique
2nd costal cartilage - 5th costal cartilage
on the back where does the heart run?
5th-8th thoracic vertebra
what are the membranes that surround the heart?
pericardium
what is the outer most pericardium?
fibrous
what are the pericardium under the outer fibrous layer?
parietal and visceral
features of the parietal and visceral pericardium?
they are a continuous layer which reflects in on itself
what is the outermost layer of pericardium called?
epicardium (visceral)
what are the three layers of the heart?
epicardium
myocardium
endocardium
where is the pericardial cavity found?
between visceral and parietal pericardium
what is the pericardial cavity?
potential space
fluid to allow friction less movement
what are the different sinuses of the heart?
oblique pericardial sinus
transverse pericardial cavity
where is the oblique pericardial sinus?
on the back of the heart between pulmonary veins
where is the transverse pericardial sinus?
between the aorta and pulmonary trunk
what is the right border made up of?
right atrium
what is the left border made up of?
left ventricle
when are the borders of the heart important?
when looking at a radiograph
what is an auricle?
protrusion of the atria wall
what is the aortic knuckle?
aortic arch on chest radiograph
what do the atria do?
set the cardiac pace
receive blood and pass it on to ventricles
what is the pace maker of the heart?
SAN
where is the SAN?
right atria
where is the AVN?
atria
where does the right atria receive blood?
superior vena cava
inferior vena cava
coronary sinus
where does the coronary sinus drain blood from?
coronary circulation
what is the smooth part of the atria?
sinus venarum
what is the sinus venarum derived from?
blood vessels embryonically
what is the rough part of the atria covered with?
pectinate muscle
what is the dividing line between smooth and rough atria walls?
cresta terminla
whats inside the cresta terminala?
sinoatrial node
what is the cresta terminala on the outside?
groove called sulcus terminalis
what is the oval depression in the smooth wall called?
fossa ovalis
what is the fossa ovalis?
depression in the smooth atria wall
derived from the connection between the atria in utero
what is the fossa ovalis derived from?
faramen ovalae
what is the left atrium supplied by?
the four pulmonary veins:
superior/inferior/left and right
what is the valve between the right atria and ventricle?
tricuspid valve
what is the valve between the left atria and ventricle?
bicuspid/mitral
in the right ventricle what route does the blood take?
U shaped direction as it enters the pulmonary artery through the pulmonary trunk
what is the pulmonary valve connected to?
cords tendonae
what controls the cords tendonae?
papillary muscles
what is below the papillary muscles?
rough area covered in trabculae carne
what does the trabecula carnae do?
stops walls of the heart sticking together during systole
what is the moderate band also known as?
septum marginal trabecular
where does the bundle of hiss run?
septum marginal trabecular
what funnels blood to the valve in the ventricles?
smooth funnel called infundibulum
where do you find semi lunar valves?
between ventricles and the great vessels
examples of semi lunar valves?
pulmonary and aortic
how many cusps does the semi lunar valves have?
3
what do the three cusps of the semi lunar valves form?
3 sinuses
how many semi lunar cusps have coronary vessels coming off them?
2
what are the 2 cusps of the semi lunar valve that give rise to coronary arteries?
right aortic (anterior) sinus - right coronary sinus left aortic (left posterior) sinus - left coronary artery
when do the coronary arteries fill?
during diastole (relaxation of the heart)
why cant the coronary arteries fill during systole?
the cusps of the vavles push against the wall of the aorta and close the opening
where does the right coronary artery run?
aorta down the antrioventricular groove at the bottom it gives off the marginal artery which runs along the inferior border
what shape does the right coronary artery and marginal artery form?
L shape
why is the left coronary artery much shorter than the right?
bifurcates almost immediately
what does the left coronary artery bifurcate into?
left circumflex and left anterior descending
what are the three cardiac veins?
great
middle
small
