block 2 lecture 1 upper airway and chest Flashcards
what counts as upper respiratory tract?
nose, nasal cavity, paranasal cavity, paranasal sinuses, pharynx
lower respiratory tract?
larynx, trachea, bronchi, lungs
what two aspects are there to the respiratory system?
conducting and respiratory
what does itis mean?
inflammation and infection
what is pneumonia?
infection of the alveoli
where is repiratory gas exhange?
the terminal alveoli
what do the conducting parts of the respiratory pathway do?
cleanse, warm and humidify air
what is phonation?
speech
what is olfaction?
smell
why does air entering the right apeture enter the right side of the nasal cavity?
septum
what divides the nasal cavity?
midline septum
what are the posterior nasal appetures called?
choanae
what is the nasal septum made up of?
at the front its cartilage, at the back it bone: paletine, vomer and maxilla
what makes up the hard palate?
palatine bone
what surrounds the posterior nasal appetures?
the sphenoid bone
what is respiratory mucosa?
pseudostratified ciliated columnar epithelium
what do goblet cells secrete?
mucus
what does the mucus in the nasal cavity do?
filter and warms air
what covers the top of the nasal cavity?
olfactory mucosa
where is the olfactory bulb?
on ethmoid bone
what are the curved shelves formed from bone called in the nasal cavity?
concha
what are the spaces under the concha called?
meatus
what increases the surface area in the nasal cavity?
the concha and the superior ethmoid recess
what are the 4 main sinuses?
maxillary, ethmoid, frontal and the sphenoid
what are sinuses lined with and what is their function?
respiratory mucosa and resonation of speech and humidifying air
the middle meatus has openings from which sinuses?
frontal, maxilary and ethmoidal
what does the sphenoid sinus drain into?
sphenoethmoidal recess
where does the superiormeatus have openings from?
posterior ethmoid air cells
why is your nose runny when you cry?
nasolacrimal duct which drains into the inferior meatus
what is the pharynx?
muscular tube which isnt bound anteriorly
what are the openings of the pharynx?
the oral cavity, the nasal cavity and the larynx
what forms the pharynx?
three constrictor muscles
what are the boundaries of the pharynx?
base of the skull to the cricoid cartilage
what does the epiglottis do?
stops food entering the trachea
what is the eustachian tube and what does it do?
tube that goes pharynx to the middle ear, contracts while swallowing to equalise pressure in the middle ear
what are the tonsils in the nasopharynx?
tubular and adenoids
what are the tonsils in the oropharynx?
lingual and palatine
what is the larynx?
9 cartilages covered by muscles and mucosa
unpaired muscle in the larynx?
epiglottis, thyroid and cricoid
what are the paired muscles in the larynx?
corniculate, cuneform and arytenoid
which is the true vocal cord?
bottom
how many cervical vertebrae do we have?
7
where is the upper margin of the thyroid cartilage?
between the third and forth cervical vertebrae
where do you fine the cricoid cartilage?
C6
what muscle contracts to expel something from the wind pipe?
trachealis muscle
what shape is the cartilage of the trachea?
C-shaped
