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block 2 Anna > block 2 lecture 1 upper airway and chest > Flashcards

block 2 lecture 1 upper airway and chest Flashcards

1
Q

what counts as upper respiratory tract?

A

nose, nasal cavity, paranasal cavity, paranasal sinuses, pharynx

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2
Q

lower respiratory tract?

A

larynx, trachea, bronchi, lungs

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3
Q

what two aspects are there to the respiratory system?

A

conducting and respiratory

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4
Q

what does itis mean?

A

inflammation and infection

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5
Q

what is pneumonia?

A

infection of the alveoli

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6
Q

where is repiratory gas exhange?

A

the terminal alveoli

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7
Q

what do the conducting parts of the respiratory pathway do?

A

cleanse, warm and humidify air

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8
Q

what is phonation?

A

speech

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9
Q

what is olfaction?

A

smell

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10
Q

why does air entering the right apeture enter the right side of the nasal cavity?

A

septum

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11
Q

what divides the nasal cavity?

A

midline septum

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12
Q

what are the posterior nasal appetures called?

A

choanae

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13
Q

what is the nasal septum made up of?

A

at the front its cartilage, at the back it bone: paletine, vomer and maxilla

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14
Q

what makes up the hard palate?

A

palatine bone

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15
Q

what surrounds the posterior nasal appetures?

A

the sphenoid bone

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16
Q

what is respiratory mucosa?

A

pseudostratified ciliated columnar epithelium

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17
Q

what do goblet cells secrete?

A

mucus

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18
Q

what does the mucus in the nasal cavity do?

A

filter and warms air

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19
Q

what covers the top of the nasal cavity?

A

olfactory mucosa

20
Q

where is the olfactory bulb?

A

on ethmoid bone

21
Q

what are the curved shelves formed from bone called in the nasal cavity?

A

concha

22
Q

what are the spaces under the concha called?

A

meatus

23
Q

what increases the surface area in the nasal cavity?

A

the concha and the superior ethmoid recess

24
Q

what are the 4 main sinuses?

A

maxillary, ethmoid, frontal and the sphenoid

25
Q

what are sinuses lined with and what is their function?

A

respiratory mucosa and resonation of speech and humidifying air

26
Q

the middle meatus has openings from which sinuses?

A

frontal, maxilary and ethmoidal

27
Q

what does the sphenoid sinus drain into?

A

sphenoethmoidal recess

28
Q

where does the superiormeatus have openings from?

A

posterior ethmoid air cells

29
Q

why is your nose runny when you cry?

A

nasolacrimal duct which drains into the inferior meatus

30
Q

what is the pharynx?

A

muscular tube which isnt bound anteriorly

31
Q

what are the openings of the pharynx?

A

the oral cavity, the nasal cavity and the larynx

32
Q

what forms the pharynx?

A

three constrictor muscles

33
Q

what are the boundaries of the pharynx?

A

base of the skull to the cricoid cartilage

34
Q

what does the epiglottis do?

A

stops food entering the trachea

35
Q

what is the eustachian tube and what does it do?

A

tube that goes pharynx to the middle ear, contracts while swallowing to equalise pressure in the middle ear

36
Q

what are the tonsils in the nasopharynx?

A

tubular and adenoids

37
Q

what are the tonsils in the oropharynx?

A

lingual and palatine

38
Q

what is the larynx?

A

9 cartilages covered by muscles and mucosa

39
Q

unpaired muscle in the larynx?

A

epiglottis, thyroid and cricoid

40
Q

what are the paired muscles in the larynx?

A

corniculate, cuneform and arytenoid

41
Q

which is the true vocal cord?

A

bottom

42
Q

how many cervical vertebrae do we have?

A

7

43
Q

where is the upper margin of the thyroid cartilage?

A

between the third and forth cervical vertebrae

44
Q

where do you fine the cricoid cartilage?

A

C6

45
Q

what muscle contracts to expel something from the wind pipe?

A

trachealis muscle

46
Q

what shape is the cartilage of the trachea?

A

C-shaped

block 2 Anna (10 decks)

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