block 2 lecture 5

Question 1

what are the three compartments of he thoracic cavity?

Answer 1

the 2 pulmonary cavities and the mediastinum

Question 2

what is the lungs membrane called?

Answer 2

pleura

Question 3

what is the outer pleura called?

Answer 3

parietal pleara

Question 4

what is the inner membrane surrounding the lungs called?

Answer 4

visceral pleura

Question 5

where does the visceral and parietal pleura meet?

Answer 5

hilum

Question 6

what is the hilum?

Answer 6

where the roots of the lungs are located and is where air gets into and out of the lungs

Question 7

the parietal pleura reflects on the lungs, what does this mean?

Answer 7

the pleura is continous

Question 8

what is the purpose of the pleural cavity?

Answer 8

contains pleura fluid so allows frictionless movement when the lungs expand and contract

Question 9

what is the large space below the lungs called?

Answer 9

costodiaphragmatic recess

Question 10

where can you retrieve plerual fluid for diagnosis?

Answer 10

costodiaphragmatic recess

Question 11

where is the apex of the lung?

Answer 11

above the clavicle

Question 12

what is the curved surface of the lungs against the ribs called?

Answer 12

costal surface

Question 13

what are the inner surfaces of the lungs called?

Answer 13

mediastinal surfaces

Question 14

why is the left lung slightly smaller?

Answer 14

cardiac notch and the presence of the heart

Question 15

what is the part of the lung called that comes below the cardiac notch?

Answer 15

lingual

Question 16

what is the diagonal fissure of the lungs and what does it separate?

Answer 16

it is the oblique fissure and separates the superior and inferior lobes

Question 17

what fissure is only present on the right lung?

Answer 17

horizontal

Question 18

what is only present at the front of the right lung?

Answer 18

middle lobe

Question 19

on the midaxiallry line where doe the horizontal fissure cross?

Answer 19

rib 6

Question 20

looking at the front where is the middle lobe of the lung?

Answer 20

ribs 4-6

Question 21

looking medially where do the lung extend to?

Answer 21

rib 6

Question 22

looking from the front laterally where do the lungs reach?

Answer 22

rib 8

Question 23

on the midaxillary line where do the lungs extend down to?

Answer 23

rib 10

Question 24

looking at the back where do the lungs extend down to?

Answer 24

rib12

Question 25

what are the structures found in the hilum?

Answer 25

principle bronchi, pulmonary arteries, pulmonary veins, bronchial arteries, pulmonary nerves and lymphatics

Question 26

how would you identify the principle bronchi in the hilum?

Answer 26

only structure reinforced with cartilage

Question 27

where are the pulm artery and bronchus in relation to each other in the hilum?

Answer 27

RALS
on the right the pulmonary artery is anterior
on the left the pulmonary artery is superior

Question 28

what loops round the hilum of the left lung?

Answer 28

aortic arch

Question 29

how is the mediastinum bound?

Answer 29

root of the neck, diaphragm, mediastinal pleura, sternum and vertebrae

Question 30

what is the superior and inferior boundary of the mediastinum?

Answer 30

thoracic plane

Question 31

what are the landmarks of the thoracic plane?

Answer 31

second costal cartilage and 4th/5th thoracic vertebrae

Question 32

what is the inferior mediastinum separated into?

Answer 32

anterior middle and posterior

Question 33

what is found in the superior mediastinum?

Answer 33

aortic arch and its branches, trachea

Question 34

what runs from the superior to the inferior mediastinum?

Answer 34

oesophagus, vagus nerve, phrenic nerve and thoracic duct

Question 35

what type of nerve is the vagus nerve?

Answer 35

cranial - nerve 10

Question 36

where does the phrenic nerve come out of and what does innervate?

Answer 36

CNS and diaphragm

Question 37

what is found in the inferior anterior mediastinum?

Answer 37

thymus gland (immune system) (mainly in infants in adults it is replaced by fatty tissue), lymph nodes and ligaments

Question 38

what is found in the inferior middle mediastinum?

Answer 38

heart and pericardium, phrenic nerve runs over the surface of the heart, deep cardiac plexus to inner ate the heart, pulmonary vasculature, aorta, vena cava.

Question 39

what is found in the inferior posterior mediastinum?

Answer 39

oesophagus, vagus nerves, thoracic duct, descending thoracic aorta. Azygos vein.