block 2 lecture 5 Flashcards
what are the three compartments of he thoracic cavity?
the 2 pulmonary cavities and the mediastinum
what is the lungs membrane called?
pleura
what is the outer pleura called?
parietal pleara
what is the inner membrane surrounding the lungs called?
visceral pleura
where does the visceral and parietal pleura meet?
hilum
what is the hilum?
where the roots of the lungs are located and is where air gets into and out of the lungs
the parietal pleura reflects on the lungs, what does this mean?
the pleura is continous
what is the purpose of the pleural cavity?
contains pleura fluid so allows frictionless movement when the lungs expand and contract
what is the large space below the lungs called?
costodiaphragmatic recess
where can you retrieve plerual fluid for diagnosis?
costodiaphragmatic recess
where is the apex of the lung?
above the clavicle
what is the curved surface of the lungs against the ribs called?
costal surface
what are the inner surfaces of the lungs called?
mediastinal surfaces
why is the left lung slightly smaller?
cardiac notch and the presence of the heart
what is the part of the lung called that comes below the cardiac notch?
lingual
what is the diagonal fissure of the lungs and what does it separate?
it is the oblique fissure and separates the superior and inferior lobes
what fissure is only present on the right lung?
horizontal
what is only present at the front of the right lung?
middle lobe
on the midaxiallry line where doe the horizontal fissure cross?
rib 6
looking at the front where is the middle lobe of the lung?
ribs 4-6
looking medially where do the lung extend to?
rib 6
looking from the front laterally where do the lungs reach?
rib 8
on the midaxillary line where do the lungs extend down to?
rib 10
looking at the back where do the lungs extend down to?
rib12
what are the structures found in the hilum?
principle bronchi, pulmonary arteries, pulmonary veins, bronchial arteries, pulmonary nerves and lymphatics
how would you identify the principle bronchi in the hilum?
only structure reinforced with cartilage
where are the pulm artery and bronchus in relation to each other in the hilum?
RALS
on the right the pulmonary artery is anterior
on the left the pulmonary artery is superior
what loops round the hilum of the left lung?
aortic arch
how is the mediastinum bound?
root of the neck, diaphragm, mediastinal pleura, sternum and vertebrae
what is the superior and inferior boundary of the mediastinum?
thoracic plane
what are the landmarks of the thoracic plane?
second costal cartilage and 4th/5th thoracic vertebrae
what is the inferior mediastinum separated into?
anterior middle and posterior
what is found in the superior mediastinum?
aortic arch and its branches, trachea
what runs from the superior to the inferior mediastinum?
oesophagus, vagus nerve, phrenic nerve and thoracic duct
what type of nerve is the vagus nerve?
cranial - nerve 10
where does the phrenic nerve come out of and what does innervate?
CNS and diaphragm
what is found in the inferior anterior mediastinum?
thymus gland (immune system) (mainly in infants in adults it is replaced by fatty tissue), lymph nodes and ligaments
what is found in the inferior middle mediastinum?
heart and pericardium, phrenic nerve runs over the surface of the heart, deep cardiac plexus to inner ate the heart, pulmonary vasculature, aorta, vena cava.
what is found in the inferior posterior mediastinum?
oesophagus, vagus nerves, thoracic duct, descending thoracic aorta. Azygos vein.
