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block 2 Anna > block 2 lecture 8 > Flashcards

block 2 lecture 8 Flashcards

1
Q

what is alveolar ventilation?

A

amount of gas involved in gas exchange

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2
Q

IRV?

A

inspiratory reserve volume

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3
Q

TV?

A

tidal volume

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4
Q

ERV?

A

expiratory reserve volume

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5
Q

TLC?

A

total lung capacity

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6
Q

ic?

A

inspiratoty volume

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7
Q

RV?

A

residual volume

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8
Q

FRC?

A

functional residual capacity

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9
Q

VC?

A

vital capacity

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10
Q

what can be used to measure RV and FRC?

A

spirometer

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11
Q

when do you get increased inspiratory volume?

A

emphysema and COPD

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12
Q

what is FEV1 used to measure?

A

asthma
COPD
airway obstruction

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13
Q

what is the driving force for gas transport?

A

preasure gradient

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14
Q

what stops the lungs collapsing in?

A

pleura is attatched to the chest wall

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15
Q

what happens when you expand the chest cavity?

A

pressure becomes negative so air comes in as it is lower than outside

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16
Q

whats more soluble out of CO2 and O2?

A

CO2

17
Q

what is the diffusion capacity?

A

ability of gas to travel across alveoli

18
Q

what is the arterial oxygen conc?

A

amount bound to heamoglobin and dissolved in the plasma

19
Q

formation of haemoglobin?

A

Haemoglobin has 3D shape there are 2 alpha and 2 beta chains, with a heam group and 2 porphyry rings

20
Q

what state is iron in in haemoglobin?

A

ferrous

21
Q

what causes the oxygen dissociation curve to shift to the right?

A

increased hydrogenn ions
increased CO2
increased temperature
increased BPG

22
Q

what is the right hand shift called?

A

Bohr shift

23
Q

what different about foetal haemoglobin?

A

gamma chains instead of beta

24
Q

what happens to the oxygen dissociation curve with fetal haemoglobin?

A

shifts to the left as there is a higher affinity

25
Q

what forms when carbon dioxide binds to haemoglobin?

A

carbamino haemoglobin

26
Q

ways of carbon dioxide transport?

A

bound to haemoblobin
dissolved in plasma
bicarbonate

27
Q

what acts as a buffer for hydrogen ions?

A

deoxyhaemoglobin

28
Q

what happens with hyperventilation?

A

low CO2
hypocapnia
alkaline blood

29
Q

hypoventilation?

A

high CO2
hypercapnia
acidic blood

30
Q

in diabetic ketoacidosis what happens to the blood?

A

acidic blood

31
Q

what does renal failure result in?

A

acidosis

32
Q

what happens if you take lots of antacids?

A

alkalosis

33
Q

what is buffering of the blood done by?

A

haemoglobin
blood protein
bicarbonate ions

block 2 Anna (10 decks)

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