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block 2 Anna > block 2 lecture 3 bresthing and cough > Flashcards

block 2 lecture 3 bresthing and cough Flashcards

1
Q

what are the two types of breathing?

A

respiration is breathing and exchange of carbon dioxide and oxygen of cells.

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2
Q

what is coughiing needed for?

A

avoiding aspiration

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3
Q

what are the parts of the brain that regulate breathing?

A

dorsal and ventral respiratory groups of neurons

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4
Q

what is the main muscle of breathing?

A

diaphragm

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5
Q

what is the diaphragm innovated by?

A

phrenic nerve

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6
Q

what keeps the diaphragm alive

A

C3 C4 C5

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7
Q

why do you have difficulty breathing if you break your neck?

A

phrenic nerve cant innovate the diaphragm

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8
Q

what are the external intercostals used for?

A

inhilation?

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9
Q

what are the internal intercostals used for?

A

breathing during excersize?

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10
Q

normally is exhilation active or passive?

A

passive

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11
Q

what is involved in the chemical control of breathing?

A

pH

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12
Q

what does acidosis do?

A

makes you hyperventilate

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13
Q

what makes you breath more?

A

acidic conditions such as renal failure

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14
Q

what does carbonic anhydrase do?

A

converts carbon dioxide into carbonic acid

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15
Q

what does acidic blood affect?

A

chemoreceptor trigger zones

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16
Q

what do you rely on when chemoreceptor trigger zones become down regulated?

A

hypoxic drive

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17
Q

where is oxygen levels detected?

A

carotid body betwee the internal and external carotid arteries

18
Q

what is special about the carotid body that makes it well suited for its function?

A

high blood supply

19
Q

what happens to your heart and breathing when you are anxious?

A

tachycardia and hyperventilation

20
Q

what regulates breathing when you are anxious?

A

parasympathetic nervous system

21
Q

what does the parasymnpathetic nervous system release when you are anxious to make you breath more?

A

noradrenaline

22
Q

what can happen during hyperventilation?

A

you become alkaloid, resulting in spasms as there is less ionised calcium and nerves no longer work propery

23
Q

what do pregnant women got hyperventilation due to?

A

progesterone

24
Q

how does your body tell you to breath more during excersize?

A

joints have mechano receptors which increase the desire to breath

25
Q

what nerve controls breathing?

A

vagus

26
Q

what nerve system is the vagus nerve part of?

A

parasympathetic nervous system

27
Q

what does the vagus nerve release?

A

acteylecholine

28
Q

what is tidal volume?

A

normal breathing

29
Q

what is TLC

A

total lung capacity, max air you can brearth in

30
Q

FRC?

A

functional residual capacity, how much air is left after tidal breathing

31
Q

what is the residual volume?

A

breathing out as much as possible air left

32
Q

what is a tool to measure FEV?

A

spiromter

33
Q

what is FEV1

A

forces expiratory volume in one second

34
Q

FCV?

A

forced vital capacity, how much air you can get in and out of the lungs

35
Q

how does air enter the lungs?

A

you suck in causing a lower pressure than atmospheric pressure

36
Q

what are the two types of cough

A

acute and chronic

37
Q

why are babies airways protected?

A

structural differences as babies can talk yet

38
Q

what is used to make people cough?

A

citric acid and capsaicin

39
Q

who has a lower cough threshold?

A

women

40
Q

what causes women to have a lower cough threshold?

A

larger cough center

41
Q

why do women have a larger cough center

A

during pregnancy everything is pushed up and there is a higher risk of aspiration

42
Q

what receptors cause you to cough?

A

TRP

block 2 Anna (10 decks)

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