block 2 lecture 3 bresthing and cough Flashcards
what are the two types of breathing?
respiration is breathing and exchange of carbon dioxide and oxygen of cells.
what is coughiing needed for?
avoiding aspiration
what are the parts of the brain that regulate breathing?
dorsal and ventral respiratory groups of neurons
what is the main muscle of breathing?
diaphragm
what is the diaphragm innovated by?
phrenic nerve
what keeps the diaphragm alive
C3 C4 C5
why do you have difficulty breathing if you break your neck?
phrenic nerve cant innovate the diaphragm
what are the external intercostals used for?
inhilation?
what are the internal intercostals used for?
breathing during excersize?
normally is exhilation active or passive?
passive
what is involved in the chemical control of breathing?
pH
what does acidosis do?
makes you hyperventilate
what makes you breath more?
acidic conditions such as renal failure
what does carbonic anhydrase do?
converts carbon dioxide into carbonic acid
what does acidic blood affect?
chemoreceptor trigger zones
what do you rely on when chemoreceptor trigger zones become down regulated?
hypoxic drive
where is oxygen levels detected?
carotid body betwee the internal and external carotid arteries
what is special about the carotid body that makes it well suited for its function?
high blood supply
what happens to your heart and breathing when you are anxious?
tachycardia and hyperventilation
what regulates breathing when you are anxious?
parasympathetic nervous system
what does the parasymnpathetic nervous system release when you are anxious to make you breath more?
noradrenaline
what can happen during hyperventilation?
you become alkaloid, resulting in spasms as there is less ionised calcium and nerves no longer work propery
what do pregnant women got hyperventilation due to?
progesterone
how does your body tell you to breath more during excersize?
joints have mechano receptors which increase the desire to breath
what nerve controls breathing?
vagus
what nerve system is the vagus nerve part of?
parasympathetic nervous system
what does the vagus nerve release?
acteylecholine
what is tidal volume?
normal breathing
what is TLC
total lung capacity, max air you can brearth in
FRC?
functional residual capacity, how much air is left after tidal breathing
what is the residual volume?
breathing out as much as possible air left
what is a tool to measure FEV?
spiromter
what is FEV1
forces expiratory volume in one second
FCV?
forced vital capacity, how much air you can get in and out of the lungs
how does air enter the lungs?
you suck in causing a lower pressure than atmospheric pressure
what are the two types of cough
acute and chronic
why are babies airways protected?
structural differences as babies can talk yet
what is used to make people cough?
citric acid and capsaicin
who has a lower cough threshold?
women
what causes women to have a lower cough threshold?
larger cough center
why do women have a larger cough center
during pregnancy everything is pushed up and there is a higher risk of aspiration
what receptors cause you to cough?
TRP
