Bleeding Disorders

Question 1

Causes of Primary Haemostasis

Answer 1

Vascular (vasculitis)

Platelets-
Reduced number (thrombocytopenia)
reduced production- bone marrow problem
or
increased destruction- autoimmune (thrombocytopaenic purpura)
Hypersplenism
Coagulopathy- eg. Disseminated Intravascular Coagulation

Reduced function of Platelets
Renal dysfunction- increased urea
Drugs- Aspirin, NSAIDs

Von Willebrand Factor deficiency

Question 2

what are causes of secondary haemostasis?

Answer 2

Multiple clotting deficiencies

• Warfarin/ Vitamin K deficiency
• Liver Failure
• DIC

Single Clotting Factor Deficiency
-Haemophilia

Question 3

causes of Vitamin K Deficiency?

Answer 3

Poor dietary intake
Malabsorption
Obstructive jaundice
Vitamin K antagonists (warfarin)
Haemorrhagic disease of the newborn

Question 4

causes of DIC

Answer 4

Sepsis
Obstetric emergencies
Malignancy
Hypovolaemic shock

Question 5

treatment of DIC

Answer 5

Treat the underlying cause
Replacement  therapy
Platelet transfusions
Plasma transfusions
Fibrinogen replacement

Question 6

what is the inheritance of haemophilia

what factors are deficient in Haemophilia A/B?

Answer 6

An X-linked, hereditary disorder in which abnormally prolonged bleeding recurs episodically at one or a few sites on each occasion
Haemophilia A (factor VIII deficiency)
five times as common as
Haemophilia B (factor IX deficiency)