Biosecurity & Biocontainment Flashcards
what is bioexclusion
Activities to reduce the risk of introduction, to a population, of an external infectious agent
what is biocontainment
Activities to reduce the source and spread of an infectious agent within a population
how do you assess bio-exclusion risk
Assess a farm to determine the probability of introducing infectious agents that are not currently present
Prioritize the highest risk activities
Suggest risk reduction strategies to reduce probability of disease introduction
what are the routes of transmission
Direct — these are not specific:
- Buying stock
- Vertical (mother to calf)
- Nose to nose over/through fences
- Shows
Indirect — these are not disease specific:
- Feces, urine, milk, respiratory secretions
- Transport
- Machinery
- Milk lorry
- Semen, embryos (AI largely controls)
- Other animal hosts (rabbits, sheep, deer (Johnes))
- Environment (water, soil, air)
- Fomites
what are the farm variables of bio-exclusion
Purchasing stock
Moving stock and perimeter contacts
Contaminated carriers (fomites) and animal products
Other animal hosts
Environmental spread — water supply
what should you discuss with the farmer about bioexclusion
Purchasing/moving stock
Moving stock and perimeter contacts
Contaminated carriers and animal products
Other animal hosts (away wintered/summer stock)
Environmental spread-drinking sources
Bring it all together and report it back
Discuss in order of priority
Help the farmer decide how they can reduce each risk, or which risks to address
what are principles of bio-containment
Source and spread
Challenge and immunity
Single agent and multi-agent infectious disease
Environmental organisms vs specifically host adapted
why do you need to look at source and spread of bio-containment
Propagation of infectious disease requires source and spread
Any action designed to control infectious disease must reduce SOURCE, SPREAD or both
what decides whether or not an animal will get infectious disease or not
challenge from source
and
immunity +/- resilience
which is more disease specific bio-exclusion or bio-containment
bio-containment
what should control of any non-ubiquitous infectious agent start with
bio-exclusion risk assessment
