Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Module 21: Ruminant Production > Adult Sheep Lameness > Flashcards

Adult Sheep Lameness Flashcards

1
Q

what are contagious causes of lameness in sheep

A

Interdigital dermatitis (scald)

Footrot

Contagious ovine digital dermatitis (CODD)

Strawberry footrot

Maedi Visna

Septic arthritis (joint ill)

Foot and mouth disease

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

what are non contagious causes of lameness

A

Shelly hoof

White line disease

Abscess

Interdigital fibroma

Trauma

  • Joints, bones, muscle, nerves

Septic arthritis

White muscle disease

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

what causes scald/footrot

A

Mild: Fusobacterium necrophorum

Severe: Dichelobacter nodosus

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

what is interdigital dermatitis (scald)

A

Inflammation of skin between digits

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

what are the clinical signs of interdigital dermatitis

A

Very painful

Moist

Hairless

White or pink

Ulcerated

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

what are predisposing factors to interdigital dermatitis

A

Damage to interdigital skin

Continual wet conditions

Thistles, coarse/long grass

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

how is interdigital dermatitis treated in lambs

A

Individuals: antibiotic spray

Group outbreaks: foot-bath fortnightly, clean field

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

how is interdigital dermtatits treated in adults

A

Antibiotic injection and spray

Outbreaks: foot-bath and move to clean pasture

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

what causes footrot

A

Dichelobacter nodosus +/- Fusobacterium necrophorum

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

where does footrot start in the foot

A

in the interdigital space and then under runs wall and sole horn

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

what are the clinical signs of footrot

A

Black, crumbling, moist debris

Pungent, distinctive smell

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

where does dichelobacter nodosus survive

A

In damp conditions

In the environment for 10-14 days (?)

In hoof trimmings for 6 weeks

In feet of chronic carriers

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

what are predisposing factors to footrot

A

Wet conditions

Warm

High stocking density

Genetic predisposition

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

how is footrot treated

A

Antibiotic injection (lasting minimum of 3 days)

Antibiotic spray

Isolate

Delayed treatment = delayed recovery

Foot trimming = delayed recover

Detrimental

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

how is footrot prevented

A

Cull

Vaccinate

Quarantine

Avoid

Treat

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

how do you reduce the challenge for footrot

A

Quarantine

Avoid spread at gatherings

avoid spread at high traffic areas

early treatment

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

how should sheep be quarantined to reduce footrot challenge

A
  • Reduce imported strains (and CODD)
  • Minimum 30 days
  • Examine feet (start and end)
  • Reject or treat
    • Active lesions
    • Chronically thickened digits
  • Footbath (start and end)
  • Vaccinate?
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

how is footrot spread avoided at gatherings

A

Avoid unnecessary gatherings

Reduce time gathered

Hard, well drained surface without loose stones

Clean and disinfect between groups

Mobile facilities move between groups/gathers

Lime on standing surface

Footbath after gathering

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

how is footrot spread reduced at high traffic areas

A

Water troughs, feed faces, gateways

Well drained surroundings

Move feeding spots frequently

Spread lime in gateways

Isolate lame sheep, especially at housing

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

how is early treatment for footrot used to reduce the challenge

A
  • Correct treatment for lesion!
  • Ideally within 3 days
    • Reduces pasture contamination
    • Increased probability of recovery
  • If not recovered with 14 days re-assess the diagnosis
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

how can you increase resilience to footrot in a herd

A

culling

vaccination

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

how should you cull for footrot

A

Mark and record lame sheep

Cull if 2 bouts within 12 months

Cull if chronically lame

  • Reduce contamination from chronic shedders
  • Build immune flock — especially rams!
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

how are sheep vaccinated against footrot

A

Covers 10 common strains

Irritant

  • Care with location
  • Care with timing

Whole flock, including rams

Treatment or prevention

Moxidectin 1% injection (cydectin or zermex)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

what agent causes contagious ovine digital dermatitis

A

Treponemes thought to be involved

Similar to DD in cattle

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Q

what does contagious ovine digital dermatitis result in

A

deformed digit

club digit

very painful

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
26
Q

what are the clinical signs of contagious ovine digital dermatitis

A

Starts at coronary band — often red and inflamed

Lose horn capsule

Capsule re-grows

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
27
Q

how is contagious ovine digital dermatitis treated

A

Amoxicillin, long acting and may need repeating

Macrolides — second line

Anti-inflammatories

Oxytetracycline may be less effective

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
28
Q

how is contagious ovine digital dermatitis prevented

A

Quarantine — avoid buying in

Isolate cases

Footbath after gathering

Note: antibiotic footbaths are not responsible use!

Footrot vaccination can reduce

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
29
Q

what lesion is shown here

A

inter digital dermatitis

30
Q

what lesion is shown here

A

footrot

31
Q

what lesion is shown here

A

contagious ovine digital dermatitis

32
Q

summarize the common presentation and treatment for scald, footrot and CODD in lambs and ewes

A
33
Q

what is the causative agent of strawberry foot aka proliferative dermatitis

A

Dermatophilus congolensis

Orf

34
Q

what are the risk factors for proiferative dermatitis (strawberry foot)

A

Damp conditions

Damage to skin from thistles etc

35
Q

how is proiferative dermatitis (strawberry foot) treated

A

diificult to treat

symptomatic

36
Q

what lesion is shown here

A

strawberry foot

proliferative dermatitis

37
Q

what causes shelly hoof

A

unknown etiology

lameness due to impacted material

38
Q

what lesion is this

A

shelly hoof

39
Q

what are the causes of toe granulomas

A

granulation tissue

trauma of capsule

40
Q

what can cause trauma to the capsule and lead to toe granulomas

A

Over trimming

Foreign bodies (ex. thorns)

Secondary to infectious damage (ex. footrot)

41
Q

what lesion is shown here

A

toe granuloma

42
Q

how are toe granulomas treated

A

Dry conditions

Anti-inflammatories

Control secondary infections

Cautery under IVRA

43
Q

what are the causes of white line disease

A

Small defect

Allows access for dirt and bacteria

Abscess formation

Often ruptures above coronary band

44
Q

how are white line diseases treated

A

atment:

Trimming to allow drainage

Antibiotics and NSAIDs

45
Q

what complications can occur with white line disease

A

can include joint and cause joint abscess

46
Q

how are joint abscesses treated caused by white line disease

A

Digit amputation

Joint flush

47
Q

what lesion is shown here

A

white line disease

48
Q

what are interdigital fibromas common in

A

rams esp

49
Q

how are interdigital fibromas treated

A

can remove surgically/with cautery

often regrow

exercise may prevent

50
Q

what are common etiological agents of joint ill

A

Streptococcus dysgalactiae (lambs)

E. coli, trueperella pyogenes, mannheimia hemolytica, staphylococcus aureus, fusobacterium necrophorum

Erysipelothrix rhusiopathiae

51
Q

what are the clinical signs of joint hill

A

nfection/inflammation of one or more joints

Swollen, hot, painful joints

52
Q

what is the most common etiological agent of joint ill in lambs

A

Streptococcus dysgalactiae

53
Q

at what age does Streptococcus dysgalactiae usually affect lambs

A

1-4 week old

54
Q

what are sources of Streptococcus dysgalactiae infection in lambs

A

can survive in dry bedding

occasionally in vagina of ewe

55
Q

what are the most common joints for septic arthritis in lambs

A

carpus and hock

atlanto-occipital joint also possible (tetra-paresis)

56
Q

what is a potential sequealea to septic arthritis in older lambs

A

spinal abscesses

57
Q

how is septic polyarthritis diagnosed

A

Joint aspirate and culture

Post mortem culture

58
Q

how is septic polyarthritis treated

A

NSAIDs or one-off steroid injection

Penicillin, amoxicillin, florfenicol

Long course, min 7 days ideally 10-14 days (difficult unless housed)

59
Q

what are pre-disposing factors to septic polyarthritis

A

Lack of colostral protection

Poor/unhygienic navel dipping?

Ear tags/rings?

Tick pyemia (tick borne fever and staph aureus)

Plunge dipping

Trauma

60
Q

how is septic polyarthritis prevented

A

Good colostrum management

Navel dipping

  • 10% iodine +/- spirit at birth and 4 hours later

Keep dip solution fresh and clean

Good lambing time hygiene

Tick control

61
Q

what is white muscle disease caused by

A

Selenium and/or vitamin E deficiency or pregnant ewes

62
Q

what is the delayed form of white muscle disease

A

Sudden onset stiff gait or inability to walk

Can be found dead or struggling to walk

Triggered by stress

Pale streaks in muscles

Surviving lambs often ill thrifty

63
Q

what are other non contagious causes of lameness

A

Osteoarthritis

Degenerative joint disease

Osteochondrosis discicans

Balling of material between digits

Horn fissures or cracks

Mastitis (abnormal hindlimb gait)

64
Q

what are products used for footbaths

A

Formalin 2-3%

Zinc sulphate 10% (need to stand in for 15-30 mins)

Copper sulphate (risk of toxicity)

65
Q

how do you do a footbath properly

A

Sheep go in with clean feet

Footbath is cleaned and solution replaced regularly

On clean hard standing for an hour afterwards

Put onto clean pasture afterwards

66
Q

when is footbathing useful

A

Beginning and end of quarantine for new/returning livestock

After gathering

In outbreaks of scald

67
Q

when should you do foot trimming

A

White line disease (although often too late)

Shelly hoof

To diagnose condition if can’t see

Permanent indoor sheep

68
Q

when should you not trim feet

A

Delays healing in footrot

Can spread infection on shears

Microfissures allow bacteria access

Overtiming —> granulomas

69
Q

how should antibiotics be used to treat lameness

A

Responsible:

  • Use as little as possible
  • Use as much as necessary
  • Avoid blanket group treatments

Timely, appropriate use can reduce the need for longer or repeat courses

Animal welfare

70
Q

what are the production impacts of lameness in adult sheep

A

Reduced BCS

  • Fertility (reduced ewe conception rates and rams serving ability)
  • Lamb birthweight and vigour
  • Milk production

susceptibility to other diseases

71
Q

what are the production impacts of lameness in lambs

A

reduced weight gain

susceptibility to other diseases

Module 21: Ruminant Production (21 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions