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biopsychology Flashcards

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1
Q

main functions of the nervous system

A

-to collect, process and respond to information in the environment.
-to coordinate the working of different organs snd cells in the body

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2
Q

division of nervous system

A
  1. CNS
  2. peripheral NS (separated into autonomic and somatic NS)
    autonomic divided into parasympathetic and sympathetic NS
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3
Q

CNS

A

-brain and spinal cord
-all info comes into the CNS and all info goes out the CNS

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4
Q

peripheral nervous system

A

-cranial nerves and spinal nerves
-sends info to CNS and allows communication between the CNS and rest of body

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5
Q

autonomic NS

A

-heart muscle,smooth muscle, glands
-recieves signals from sensory neurone to create involuntary responses in glands and Smooth muscles (heart beating)

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6
Q

somatic NS

A

-voluntary skeletal muscles
-recieves sensory info from the world and sends signals to skeletal muscles involved in voluntary movement.

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7
Q

parasympathetic NS

A

-rest and digest
-slows the body and rev verses the effect of sympathy branch.

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8
Q

sympathy NS

A

-active and alert
-prepares body for survival ‘fight of flight’

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9
Q

spinal cord CNS

A

responsible for reflex actions like when light acts as a stimuli the pupil of eye changes size

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10
Q

brain CNS

A

centre of conscious awareness and is composed of 3 major parts-
cerebellum
cerebrum
medulla/Brain stem

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11
Q

cerebellum

A

controls motion balance and how we learn new things

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12
Q

cerebrum

A

divides into 4 lobes that control senses imagination and thoughts.

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13
Q
A
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14
Q

what’s the outer layer of cerebellum called?

A

cerebral cortex
responsible for higher mental functions

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15
Q

4 lobes of cerebral cortex

A

frontal lobe
parietal lobe
occipital lobe
temporal lobe

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16
Q

frontal lobe function

A

-problem solving, decision making, attention and intelligence.
-contains motor cortex which is responsible for planning and co ordinating movements
-pre frontal cortex is responsible for higher level logical functions and brokas area (language)

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17
Q

temporal lobe

A

-understanding, language, memory, face recognition,perception and auditory information processing.
-left side- wernike area (language development)
-right side- memorising non verbal expression

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18
Q

occipital lobe

A

recieves sensory information from the eye retinas allows g us to assess size, depth distance and colour

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19
Q

parietal lobe

A

-intergratinh info from senses allowing us to understand world and perceive our d=bodues through somatosensory information eg. touch.

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20
Q

function of peripheral NS

A

connects CNS to rest of body

21
Q

peripheral NS

A

-divided into the somatic NS and autonomic NS

22
Q

sensory neurons

A

transmit signals from the body to the brain

23
Q

motor neurons

A

transmit signals from the brain to the body

24
Q

somatic NS

A

-controls VOLUNTARY MOVEMENT in skeletal muscles.
- it contains sensory neurons and motor neurons.

25
Q

Autonomic NS

A

-regulates INVOLUNTARY FUNCTIONS which are carried out by the body without conscious awareness.
-recieves signals from sensory neurons to create involuntary responses in CARDIAC AND SMOOTH MUSCLES to regulate functions (regulating heart rate snf secreting enzymes)

26
Q

what’s ANS split into

A

sympathic and parasympathetic NS

27
Q

sympathic NS

A

controls our responses when we are in an emergency/ threatening situation tp provide rapid energy (fight or flight)

28
Q

parasympathetic NS

A

returns our body to its normal resting state after an emergency has passed, so is referred as ‘rest and digest’

29
Q

CNS similarities

A

both Brain and spinal cord control involuntary processes
brain-breathing
spinal cord-reflexes

30
Q

CNS differences

A

-brain is responsible for multiple functions whereas spinal cord has one main function

31
Q

PNS- Somatic and autonomic similarities

A

-both respond to external stimuli.

32
Q

PNS- Somatic and autonomic differences

A

-somatic ns responsible for voluntary actions whereas the autonomic ns is responsible for involuntary actions
-autonomic ns controls internal organs whereas somatic ns controls muscle and movement.
-the autonomic ns has 2 sub compartments whereas somatic only has one

33
Q

PNS- sympathetic and parasympathetic similarities

A
  • both part of peripheral ns
34
Q

PNS- sympathetic and parasympathetic

A

sympathetic ns controls fight or flight whereas parasympathetic controls rest and digest.

35
Q

neurons

A

cells that make up the nervous system.
they conduct electrical impulses and allow communication to occur.

36
Q

structure if neuron

A
  • consist of cell body (soma) which contains a nucleus that stores the genetic code.
    -dendrites branch out from the cell body and carry electrical impulses to other neuron’s.
    -the axon projects away from the cell body and carries the signals received by the dendrites to other neurons.
    -the myelin sheath is a white fatty substance which insulates the axon and speeds up rate of conduction of signals.
    -the signal is carried away from cell body down the axon to its terminal where impulses can be transmitted to another neuron.
37
Q

types of neurons

A

motor
relay
sensory

38
Q

motor neuron structure

A
  • short dendrites and long axons
39
Q

motor neuron location

A

cell body and dendrites within the CNS
axons in the PNS

40
Q

motor neuron function

A

carries impulses from CNS to effectors (muscles and glands etc)

41
Q

relay neuron structure

A

short dendrite and short axon

42
Q

relay neuron location

A

all components in CNS

43
Q

relay neuron function

A

carry impulses from one part of CNS to another
interconnect sensory neurons to the appropriate motor neurons.

44
Q

sensory neuron structure

A

long dendrite and short axons

45
Q

sensory neuron location

A

cell body and dendrite are in PNS snd axon in CNS

46
Q

sensory neuron function

A

transmit impulses from the sensory receptors in PNS towards the CNS

47
Q

example of how neurons work

A

-sensory neruons receive impulses from receptors on. sense organs when stimuli is presented.
-carry impulse away Fromm body into CNS
where its transmitted to relay neuron.
-the neuron transmits impulse to motor neuron which carries impulse away from CNS to PNS where it is transmitted to receptors of an effector eg. muscle
-the effector carries out a response.

48
Q

synaptic transmission definition

A

refers to how neurons communicate with (transmit messages) one another.

49
Q
A

psychology (5 decks)

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