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a level psychology > biopsychology > Flashcards

biopsychology Flashcards

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1
Q

draw the divisions of the nervous system

A

nervous system
-CNS (spinal cord and brain). - peripheral nervous system
-somatic NS. -autonomic NS
-sympathetic NS. parasympathetic NS

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2
Q

functions of brain lobes

A

-frontal lobe = thoughts and production of speech
-occipital lobe = processing of visual images
-parietal lobe processing sensory info
-temporal lobe - hearing

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3
Q

what does the peripheral nervous system do

A

made up of neurons that connect the CNS to the rest of the body

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4
Q

name the 2 divisions of the peripheral NS

A
  • autonomic nervous system
  • somatic NS
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5
Q

what is the function of the autonomic NS

A
  • controls unconscious activities eg digestions and has 2 divisions with opposite effects
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6
Q

what is the function of the somatic NS

A

controls conscious activities eg running playing a video game

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7
Q

name the divisions of the autonomic NS

A

-sympathetic NS
-parasympathetic

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8
Q

what is the function of the sympathetic NS

A

-gets the body ready for action in the flight or fight system

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9
Q

whats the function of the parasympathetic NS

A

calms the body down it the rest and digest system

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10
Q

draw a sensory neuron with labels

A

page 77 or 50

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11
Q

draw a relay neuron with labels

A

page 77 or 150

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12
Q

draw and label a motor neuron

A

page 77 or 150

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13
Q

whats the function of a sensory neuron

A

-carries information from sensory receptors (eg vision or touch) and organs to the central nervous system (through somatic system). They are found in various locations eg eyes and ears

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14
Q

whats the function of the relay neuron

A
  • only found in the brain and spinal cord (CNS)
    -connects nuerons (sensory) to other nuerons (motor) in order to communicate
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15
Q

whats the function of motor neurons

A

-carries information from CNS to muscles and glands (somatic and autonomic) and form synapses with muscles to control their contractions.

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16
Q

name the order of transmission of information

A
  1. stimulus
    2.receptors
    3.sensory neuron
  2. CNS relay neuron
  3. motor neuron
  4. effectors
  5. response
17
Q

why are reflexes important

A

-they are fast automatic responses they bypass the conscious brain meaning these rapid responses avoid injury

18
Q

draw and label a synaptic transmission

A

page 151

19
Q

order of the nuerosynaptic transmission 4 steps

A
  1. once action potential has arrived at the terminal button at the end of the axon
  2. when the electrical signal reaches the end of neurons it causes nuerotransmittors to be released into the synaptic cleft
  3. they diffuse across to the post synaptic membrane and bind to specific receptors
  4. when the nuerotransmittor bind to the receptor they might trigger an electrical impulse causing muscle contraction or hormone to be secreted
20
Q

what are excitatory nuerotransmittors

A

such as noradrenaline and adrenaline act as the nervous systems on switches and create an excitatory postsynaptic potential at the postsynaptic membrane. They increase the likihood that the nueron is more likely to fire

21
Q

what are inhibitory neurotransmitters

A

such as serotonin (linked to mood) and GABA (has a calming effect) are the ‘off switches’ in the nervous system. They calm the cells in the nervous system and create an inhibitory postsynaptic potential at the postsynaptic membrane making it less likely that the nueron will fire

22
Q

what is summation

A

the likelihood of a cell firing is determined by net result of EPSP and IPSP. If there are more IPSP’s acting on a cell at a given time then it will not fire, if there are more EPSP’s acting on a cell it will fire.

23
Q

order for fight or flight

A

1.person enters a dangerous situation
2. the amygdala is activated which sends a distress signal to the hypothalamus
3. the hypothalamus activates the sympathomedullary pathway running to the adrenal medulla and the sympathetic nervous system
4. the SNS stimulates the adrenal medulla
5. the adrenal medulla secretes hormones eg adrenaline and noradrenaline in the bloodstream
6.adrenaline causes psychological changes to prepare the body for flight or fight

24
Q

physical effects of fight or flight

A

-brain racing
-heart racing
-sweating
- shaking trembling

25
Q

function of areas of the brain

A

-cerebellum = motor skills eg balance and coordination of muscles
-brain stem = automatic functions eg breathing heartbeat
-cerebrum = largest part of brain split into 2 halves ( cerebral hemispheres)
diencephalon eg hormone

26
Q

draw and label the adrenal glands

A

inside- blood vessels, medulla and cortex which releases adrenaline and noradrenaline in flight or fight

outer- cortex produce cortisol increase sugar in bloodstream

27
Q

draw and label the pituitary gland

A
  • anterior pitutitary gland eg ACTH and corisol

-posterior gland eg oxytocin

28
Q

evaluate flight or fight

A
  • flight of fight cant explain gender differences in stress reactions eg tyler found that women show a tend( protect their infants) and befriend (form alliances with other women) TMB it suggests that previous reserch mainly focused on men has abscured pattern of stress reactions in females
  • fight or flight doesnt always produce negative behaviours eg von dawans found acute stress can bring human connections eg 9/11 TMB humans are social creatures which allow us to survive
    -flight or fight not necesarily the first reaction to human threat ed gray suggests we have a freeze responce where we stop look and listen TMB maybe there is more variation into how we respond suggesting complexity in behaviour
29
Q

what is the endocrine system

A

a network of glands throughout the body and manifacture and secrete chemical messangers known as hormones using blood vessels to deliever hormones to target sites in the body long lasting effect regulated by feedback

30
Q

draw the endocrine system

A

stimulus eg low blood glucose
receptors- on pancreas detect low blood glucose concentration
hormone - the pancreas release glucagon into blood
effectors - target cells in liver detect glucagon and convert glucagon to glucose
response - glucose realeased into blood so glucose conc increases

31
Q

hypothalamus

A

connected to the pituitary gland and is responsible for stimulating or controlling the release of hormones from the pituitary gland. Therefore, the hypothalamus is the control system which regulates the endocrine system.

32
Q

pituitary gland

A

known as the ‘master gland’ releases hormones to control other glands in endocrine system 2 main parts anterior ANTERIOR produces ACTH which stimulates the adrenal cortex and the release of cortisol during the stress
response. POSTERIOR releases oxytocin Responsible for uterus contractions during childbirth.

33
Q

adrenal glands

A

ANTERIOR made up of Adrenal medulla releasing adrenaline & noradrenaline responsible for key hormones in flight to fight response POSTERIOR in the Adrenal cortex produces cortisol during stress reactions

34
Q

name 2 structural functions of a nueron and how it affects transmission

A

myelin sheath = an insulating layer around the axon to aid transmission of the electrical impulse
dendrites receive signals from other nuerons or sensory receptors

a level psychology (14 decks)

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