Biopsychology Flashcards
Action Potential
when a neurone is activated by a stimulus, the inside of the cell becomes positive charged for a short time, known as action potential
Adoption Studies
involve comparing a trait or characteristic between adopted children and their biological or adoptive parents
Adrenal Cortex
the outer portion of the adrenal gland that produces steroid hormones, which regulate carbohydrate and fat metabolism, and mineralocorticoid hormones, which regulate salt and water balance in the body
Adrenal Gland
triangle-shaped glands that sit on top of the kidneys and regulate stress response through the synthesis of hormones, including adrenaline and cortisol
Adrenal Medulla
releases adrenaline and noradrenaline, they key hormone in the fight or flight response
Adrenaline
a hormone that triggers the body’s fight-or-flight response and is produced by the adrenal medulla in the adrenal glands as well as some of the central nervous system’s neurones
ACTH
Adrenocorticotropin
a hormone produced by the anterior pituitary gland that stimulates the adrenal cortex
Agenesis of the Corpus Callosum
absence of the corpus callosum
Alpha Waves
rhythmical, relaxed alpha waves occur when a person is awake and decrease as a person moves from light to deep sleep
Amygdala
part of the limbic system which is regarded as the older region of the brain in the evolutionary sense, therefore many of the structures within the limbic system are seen to have some sort of survival benefit; the amygdala in particular has been identified as a structure with links to emotional regulation and aggression
Antagonistic
where systems work usefully in opposition to each other, and therefore cannot work at the same time, such as the sympathetic and parasympathetic nervous system
Aschoff and Weber
studied participants living in a bunker and found that participants settled into a longer sleep/wake cycle of between 25-27 hours, supporting Siffre
Auditory Cortex
part of the temporal lobe that processes auditory information
Autonomic Nervous System
transmits and receives messages to the organs and it is divided further into the sympathetic and parasympathetic nervous system
Axon
an extension of the neuron that carries the impulse away from the cell body and is carried in a myelin sheath
Axonal Sprouting
growth of new nerve endings that connect with other undamaged nerve cells to form new neural pathways
Basal Ganglia
area at the base of the forebrain, coordinates movement and learning
Caudate Nucleus
involved in associative learning and inhibition
Putamen
involved in motor skill learning
Striatum
involved in motivation
Substantia Nigra
involved in reward and addiction
Beta Waves
found during REM
Biochemistry
the branch of science concerned with the chemical and physio-chemical processes and substances that occur within living organisms
BRAC
Basic Rest Activity Cycle
alertness, then fatigue in a ninety minute rhythm that repeats in the sleep cycle