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psychology > Biopsych > Flashcards

Biopsych Flashcards

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1
Q

2 main divisions of nervous system

A

Peripheral nervous system and central nervous system

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2
Q

Peripheral nervous system

A

Does not involve brain and spinal cord.

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3
Q

Central nervous system

A

Brain and spinal cord
Control of behaviour and regulation of physiological functions

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4
Q

The PNS is further subdivided into two divisions

A

Autonomic nervous system
Somatic nervous system

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5
Q

Autonomic NS

A

Operate involuntary.
transmits info from and to internal body organs responsible for vital functions e.g. heartbeats, breathing.

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6
Q

Somatic NS

A

Controls muscle movement and receives information from senses and transmits it to CNS

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7
Q

Autonomic nervous system is divided into

A

Sympathetic and parasympathetic

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8
Q

Sympathetic NS

A

Prepare the body for action, e.g. fight or flight
Increases our HR, blood pressure, dilates the blood vessels
Slows less important functions when under threat e.g. digestion (to conserve energy)

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9
Q

Parasympathetic NS

A

Conserves/stores energy
Relaxes individual when threat has passed
Slows HR and reduce BP

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10
Q

Structure of a neuron
Dendrites

A

Dendrites - carry nerve impulses from previous neuron to cell body

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11
Q

Structure of neuron
Cell body

A

Contains genetic material within nucleus

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12
Q

Structure of neuron
Nodes of ranvier

A

Speeds up impulse transmission by forcing it to jump across gaps

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13
Q

Structure of neuron
Terminal buttons

A

Communicates with dendrites of next neuron via synaptic transmission

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14
Q

Structure of neuron
Myelin sheath

A

Protects axon and speeds up impulse transmission

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15
Q

Structure of neuron
Axon

A

Carries impulse away from cell body

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16
Q

Motor neuron

A

Connect the CNS to muscles and glands. they have short dendrites and long axons

17
Q

Sensory neuron

A

Carry messages from PNS to CNS
Long dendrites and short axons

18
Q

Relay neuron

A

Connect sensory neurons to motor neurons.
Short axons and short dendrites.

19
Q

Process of synaptic transmission

A

electrical impulse in the pre-synaptic neuron causes neurotransmitters stored in vesicles to be released into the synapse. Neurotransmitter diffuses across the synapse.
It then binds to receptor sites on post synaptic neuron.
depending on which neurotransmitter is released it will either have an excitatory or inhibitory effect on the neighbouring neuron.

20
Q

Neurotransmitters

A

Chemical messengers in the brain that transmits nerve impulses across a synapse, e.g. dopamine/serotonin. either have an excitatory or inhibitory effect on the next neuron.

21
Q

Excitation

A

When a neurotransmitter increases the positive charge of the post synaptic neuron.
More likely to fire and pass on electrical impulse.

22
Q

Inhibition

A

When a neurotransmitter increases negative charge of post synaptic neuron.
Decreases likelihood that the neuron will fire and pass on electrical impulse.

23
Q

Endocrine system

A

Works alongside the nervous system to control vital functions in the body functions more slowly than NS.
has a series of glands throughout the body that release hormones

24
Q

Hormones

A

Chemical messengers
Influence behaviour
Eg adrenaline

25
Q

Pituitary gland

A

Releases ACTH, growth hormone etc.
Controls release of hormones from all other glands in the body.

26
Q

Adrenal gland

A

Releases adrenaline.
Fight/flight response

27
Q

Ovaries

A

Release oestrogen and progesterone
- female puberty, emotional disregulation.

28
Q

Testes

A

Release testosterone – male puberty

29
Q

Pineal gland

A

Releases melatonin - sleep

30
Q

Body’s response to sudden stressors

A

Body detects stressor and prepares for fight or flight
Hypothalamus detects stressor and stimulates pituitary gland.
Pituitary gland releases ACTH adrenocorticotrophic hormone to stimulate adrenal glands.
They release adrenaline and stimulate Autonomic NS
ANS stimulates sympathetic NS
Fight or flight initiated

psychology (27 decks)

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