Behaviourist Approach

Question 1

behaviourist approach argue that all behaviour is

Answer 1

learnt from experiences in our environment

Question 2

assumption 1
classical conditioning:

Answer 2

Pavlov came up with this.
behaviours are learnt through association

Question 3

Pavlov’s dogs

Answer 3

pavlov presented the bell (NS) and no salivation was produced (UCR). then he paired the bell with the food (UCS) multiple times and the dog salivated. after conditioning, Pavlov presented the bell to the dog and it salivated (CR)

Question 4

operant conditioning

Answer 4

learning through positive, negative reinforcement and punishment

Question 5

positive reinforcement

Answer 5

receiving a positive consequence for your behaviour. increases likelihood of behaviour occurring again.

Question 6

negative reinforcement

Answer 6

when individual avoids something unpleasant and displays the wanted behaviour

Question 7

punishment

Answer 7

unpleasant consequence for a behaviour that is unwanted. makes behaviour less likely to occur due to negative experience

Question 8

Skinner’s box

Answer 8

pigeon randomly moves around in box.
occasionally the pigeon pecking a coloured disk will result in a food pellet being delivered from a box.
food acts as reward, causing pigeon to repeat the behaviour

Question 9

evaluation
strength: useful

Answer 9

P: useful in terms of developing treatment for mental health conditions
E: developed flooding and systematic desensitisation to treat phobias
C: allows better quality of life eg. agoraphobias is fear of open spaces.

Question 10

evaluation
strength: scientific

Answer 10

P: scientific as it uses lab experiments to study behaviour
E: skinner’s box to study positive reinforcement
C: high control of EVs allows cause and effect relationship to be established

Question 11

evaluation
limitation: reductionist

Answer 11

P: reductionist
E: only considers conditioning. Eg evolution could cause phobias, they only consider classical conditioning
C: limited understanding of human behaviour - limited understanding of phobias

Question 12

evaluation
limitation: determinist

Answer 12

P: determinist
E: argues behaviour is governed by conditioning within our environment
C: causes issues for legal system. this would take away responsibility/provide excuse for human behaviour