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PE > Biomechanics Definitions and Equations > Flashcards

Biomechanics Definitions and Equations Flashcards

1
Q

Definition: 1st Law of Inertia

A

a body will remain at rest or in constant motion unless acted upon by an external force

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2
Q

Definition: 2nd Law of Acceleration

A

A force applied to an object will produce acceleration in the direction of the force, that is directly proportional to the size of the force and inversely proportional to its mass

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3
Q

Equation: 2nd Law of Acceleration

A

Force = Mass x Acceleration

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4
Q

Definition: 3rd Law of Action Reaction

A

For every action, there is an equal and opposite reaction

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5
Q

Definition: Mass

A

The quantity of matter found within a particular body

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6
Q

Definition: Inertia

A

the resistance of a body to change its state of motion

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7
Q

Definition: Force

A

A push or pull acting on an object as a result of its interaction with another object

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8
Q

Definition: Normal Force

A

The support force exerted by one stable object on another

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9
Q

Definition: Applied Force

A

A force that is aplied to an object by a person or another object

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10
Q

Definition: Friction Force

A

The force exerted by a surface as it moves across another

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11
Q

Definition: Drag Force

A

A frictional force exerted on a moving object through air or water (air or water resistance)

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12
Q

Definition: Gravitational Force

A

A gravitational force is the force of attraction between two objects or bodies

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13
Q

Definition: Friction

A

Friction occurs when two objects come into contact with each other and it opposes motion

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14
Q

Definition: Weight

A

The force exerted on an object by gravity and is directly proportial to its mass (not the same as body weight)

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15
Q

Definition: Distance

A

The distance travelled from start to finish

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16
Q

Definition: Displacement

A

The difference between the initial position and the final position of an object

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17
Q

Definition: Angular Distance

A

Is the total of all angular changes that result from an object or body part angle bewteen the starting and finishing position

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18
Q

Definition: Angular Displacement

A

Is the difference in degrees between the object or body part’s initial and final positions

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19
Q

Definition: Speed

A

The rate of change in distance

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20
Q

Equation: Speed

A

Speed = Distance / Time

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21
Q

Definition: Velocity

A

The rate of change of displacement

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22
Q

Equation: Velocity

A

Velocity = Displacement / Time

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23
Q

Definition: Angular Speed

A

The rate of change in angular distance

24
Q

Equation: Angular Speed

A

Angular Speed = Angular Distance / Time

25
Q

Definition: Angular Velocity

A

The rate of change in angular displacement

26
Q

Equation: Angular Velocity

A

Angular Velocity = Angular Displacement / Time

27
Q

Definition: Acceleration

A

The rate of change of velocity

28
Q

Equation: Acceleration

A

Acceleration = Change in Velocity (final - initial) / Time

29
Q

Definition: Angular Acceleration

A

The rate of change of angular velocity

30
Q

Definition: Momentum

A

The motion pssessed by the moving body (amount of motion in an object)

31
Q

Equation: Momentum

A

Momentum = Mass x Velocity

32
Q

Definition: Force Summation

A

The sequential and coordinated movement of each body segment to produce maximum velocity

33
Q

Definition: Impulse

A

The change in momentum of an object

34
Q

Equation: Impulse

A

Impulse = Force x Time

35
Q

Definition: 1st law of angular motion

A

Angular momentum of a rotating body is constant unless acted upon by an external torque (rotation)

36
Q

Definition: 2nd law of angular motion

A

A torque applied to an object will cuase a change in angular motion in te directiom of the applied torque that is directly proportional to the size of the torque applied and inversely proportional to the moment of intertia

37
Q

Equation: 2nd law of angular motion

A

Torque = Mass x Angular Acceleration

38
Q

Definition: 3rd law angular motion

A

For ever torque (rotation) there is an equal and opposite torque

39
Q

Definition: Torque

A

A measure of the turning (rotational or eccentric) force applied to a body

40
Q

Definition: Angular Motion

A

Is movement around an axis (internal or external) caused by an eccentric force

41
Q

Equation: Angular Motion

A

Torque = Force x Moment Arm (where you apply the force)

42
Q

Definition: Angular Momentum

A

The quantity of rotation of a body around an axis

43
Q

Equation: Angular Momentum

A

Angular Momentum = Moment of Inertia (mass x radium^2) x Angular Velocity

44
Q

Definition: Moment of Inertia

A

A measure of an objects reluctance to rotate

45
Q

Equation: Moment of Inertia

A

Moment of Inertia = Mass x Radium^2

46
Q

Definition: Projectile

A

The motion that any object or body possesses when release into the air

47
Q

Definition: Equilibrium

A

When all forces are balanced

48
Q

Definition: Balance

A

The ability to maintain equilirbium while stationary (static) or while moving (dynamic)

49
Q

Definition: Stability

A

The resistance to the change (disruption) of equilibrium

50
Q

Definition: Centre of Gravity

A

The centre point of an object, about which all of its wieght is evenly distributed and balanced

51
Q

Definition: Line of Gravity

A

An imaginary line which passes thorugh the centre of gravity and continues down into the centrea of an objects base of support

52
Q

Definition: Base of Support

A

The area of an object that is in contact with the surface supporting it

53
Q

Definition: Lever

A

A lever is a simple machine that consists of a rigid beam that roates around a fixed point (axis)

54
Q

Definition: 1st Class Lever

A

A lever where the axis is located between the force and resistance and has a mechanical advantage = 1 and thus can be a force or speed amplifier

55
Q

Definition: 2nd Class Lever

A

A lever where the resistance arm is less than the force arm, that is, the resistance is acting closer to the axis than the force. The mechanical advantage is greater than one and has a mechanical advantage where it acts as a force amplifier

56
Q

Definition: 3rd Class Lever

A

A lever where the resistance arm is greater than the force arm, that is, the resistance is acting further from the axis than the force. The mechanical advantage is less than one therefore has a mechanical disadvantage and is a speed amplifier.

57
Q

Equation: Mechanical Advantage

A

Mechanical Advantage = Force Arm / Resistance Arm

PE (25 decks)

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