Biomechanical Principles Flashcards
Define momentum and state its unit of measurement
Mass x velocity
Kilogram metres per second (KGM/S)
Name Newton’s first law of motion
Law of inertia
Explain Newton’s first law of motion
- The performer will remain stationary until an external force Is applied
- The performer will travel with a constant velocity until another force is applied
- External force is applied by the performer’s muscles
Name Newton’s second law of motion
Law of acceleration
Explain Newton’s second law of motion
The rate of change of momentum of a body is directly proportional to the force causing it and the change takes place in the direction in which forces the act
Name Newton’s third law of motion
The law of action-reaction
Explain Newton’s third law of motion
To every action there is an equal and opposite reaction
Define stability
The ability to maintain a centre of mass over a base of support
Name 3 factors that affect stability
- Height of centre of mass
- Size of base of support
- Line of gravity
- Mass
How does height of centre of mass effect stability?
The lower the centre of mass, the more stable a performer
How does the size of base of support effect a performer’s stability?
The wider the base of support, the more stable the performer
How does line of gravity effect a performer’s stability?
The closer the line of gravity to base of support, the grater the stability
How does mass effect a performer’s stability?
The greater the mass of the object/performer, the greater the stability
Define impulse
Force x Time
Explain the forces of an impulse at the start of a 100m race
- Small Negative (Landing)force
- Large Positive (Push off) Force
- Net force is Positive
- Causes performer to accelerate
